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microscope
microscope
microscope A device for forming a magnified image of a small object. The
simple microscope consists of a biconvex magnifying glass or an equivalent system of lenses, either hand-held or in a simple frame. The
compound microscope uses two lenses or systems of lenses, the second magnifying the real image formed by the first (see illustration). The lenses are usually mounted at the opposite ends of a tube that has mechanical controls to move it in relation to the object. An optical condenser and mirror, often with a separate light source, provide illumination of the object. The widely used
binocular microscope consists of two separate instruments fastened together so that one eye looks through one while the other eye looks through the other. This gives stereoscopic vision. See Chronology. See also
electron microscope;
Nomarski microscope;
phase-contrast microscope;
ultraviolet microscope.
MICROSCOPY
c.1590 | Dutch spectacle-makers Hans and Zacharias Janssen invent the compound microscope. |
1610 | German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) invents the modern compound microscope. |
1675 | Anton van Leeuwenhoek invents the simple microscope. |
1826 | British biologist Dames Smith (d. 1870) constructs a microscope with much reduced chromatic and spherical aberrations. |
1827 | Italian scientist Giovanni Amici (1786–1863) invents the reflecting achromatic microscope. |
1861 | British chemist Joseph Reade (1801–70) invents the kettledrum microscope condenser. |
1912 | British microscopist Joseph Barnard (1870–1949) invents the ultramicroscope. |
1932 | Dutch physicist Frits Zernike (1888–1966) invents the phase-contrast microscope. |
1936 | German-born US physicist Erwin Mueller (1911–77) invents the field-emission microscope. |
1938 | German engineer Ernst Ruska (1906–88) develops the electron microscope. |
1940 | Canadian scientist James Hillier (1915– ) makes a practical electron microscope. |
1951 | Erwin Mueller invents the field-ionization microscope. |
1978 | US scientists of the Hughes Research Laboratory invent the scanning ion microscope. |
1981 | Swiss physicists Gerd Binning (1947– ) and Heinrich Rohrer (1933– ) invent the scanning tunnelling microscope. |
1985 | Gerd Binning invents the atomic force microscope. |
1987 | James van House and Arthur Rich invent the positron microscope. |
Cite this article
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Reportlinker Adds Microscopes Market.
Newspaper article from: Blood Weekly; 3/26/2009; 700+ words
; ...Development II-6 Microscopes of the 19th Century II-7 Advances in Microscope Technology II-7 Microscopy...Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopes II-16 Acoustic Microscopes II-17 C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscope (C-SAM) II-17...
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Microscopes measure up to production needs: today's microscopes have more capabilities and features to meet manufacturing demands. (Quality Test & Inspection).
Magazine article from: Quality; 3/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...up a large-sized room, in industry the three most common tools are stereo microscopes, compound microscopes and hybrid measuring microscopes. * A stereo microscope is a general inspection microscope that allows users to look at parts in 3...
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 "The Economist (US)")
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Anti-microscopes. (positron beams)
Magazine article from: The Economist (US); 1/14/1989; 700+ words
; ...traditional light microscope. Light microscopes cannot see things...the electron microscope. It is that...things. The new microscopes use beams of...from the new microscopes mean; most...the positron microscope promises eventually...
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Microscopes made personal: personal electron microscopes provide fast, interactive, high-resolution imaging.(QUALITY TEST & INSPECTION)
Magazine article from: Quality; 4/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...results. Personal electron microscopes are adding value in a growing...Designing a personal electron microscope requires much more than simply...design. Traditional electron microscopes present the operator with...development in the new personal microscope is the touch-screen user...
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Confocal microscopes image through layers.
Magazine article from: R & D; 3/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) which...specimen, confocal-microscope operators can examine...optical and confocal microscopes. In a standard reflection optical microscope, the sample is...microscopes. Standard microscopes illuminate an entire...In a confocal microscope, ...
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GeoSafari Talking Microscope.(Evaluation)
Magazine article from: Multimedia Schools; 5/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...voice. The Talking Microscope also can be used...more complicated microscopes. In a sense, this microscope could be used like...more sophisticated microscopes. The slides are...the life of the microscope, despite prying...
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LEAP microscopes look at TiAl alloys: the local-electron atom-probe (LEAP) microscope helps to investigate how nanoscale precipitates strengthen TiAl alloys at elevated temperatures and stresses in proposed jet engine and aerospace applications.
Magazine article from: Advanced Materials & Processes; 10/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...acquired by a conventional 3DAP microscope represents an analysis volume...OMITTED] However, the LEAP microscope can achieve analysis rates...larger than conventional 3DAP microscopes. Figure 1 shows the corresponding...assay on a conventional 3DAP microscope versus the LEAP microscope...
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OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MAKES A COMEBACK
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 11/7/1988; ; 700+ words
; ...use these advanced microscopes by sitting before video...various elements of microscope -- video camera...resolving power of electron microscopes (their ability to...than that of optical microscopes. Since then, however...make up for the light microscope's limitations. Adding...
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MICROSCOPE TO GIVE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GROUP A NEW LOOK
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 8/18/2006; 700+ words
; ...state-of-the-art microscope allows us to place...existing electron microscopes into a containment...and one of the older microscopes would have to be dedicated...has three electron microscopes that use a nitrogen...Celsius). The new microscope, estimated to cost...
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Match Microscope Options to the Application.(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: R & D; 1/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...using a compound microscope, in which two...magnification. Compound microscopes come in several...metallurgical microscopes. With a stereomicroscope...independent, separate microscope systems in each...like a compound microscope. These microscopes let the observer...
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Microscope
Book article from: How Products Are Made
...as a simple microscope. Simple microscopes include magnifying...technique in a microscope. Many advances...building of microscopes in the nineteenth...and tunneling microscopes in the 1980s...Materials An optical microscope consists of...
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microscope
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...image. Compound Microscopes The compound microscope consists essentially...Modified Compound Microscopes The ultramicroscope...of a compound microscope with an arrangement...color. Electron Microscopes The electron microscope, which is not...
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Microscope, Comparison
Book article from: World of Forensic Science
...behind the comparison microscope is simple. Two microscopes are placed next...optical paths of each microscope are connected together...produced by the right microscope. In some more modern...sophisticated comparison microscopes, it is also possible...
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Microscopes
Book article from: World of Forensic Science
Microscopes A microscope is the instrument...unaided eye. A microscope's resolving...the naked eye. Microscopes assume a central...resolution of the light microscope is limited by...electrons for use in microscopes provided the increased...
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Microscope and Microscopy
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
...the first compound microscopes were developed. Robert...two-lens compound microscope, he was able to discern...just a single lens microscope, was able to describe...Leeuwenhoek built over 400 microscopes, each one specifically...been made in the light microscope design, mainly due...
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