directional selection
directional selection Natural selection that favours the establishment of one particular advantageous mutation within a population, resulting in a change in
phenotype in that direction. An example of directional selection is the increase in darker forms of the peppered moth (
Biston betularia) that occurred in industrial areas, where the moths with darker wing coloration are better camouflaged than those with lighter wings against polluted tree trunks (see
industrial melanism). Compare
disruptive selection;
stabilizing selection.
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Lobbying by auditors and financial institutions on proposed accounting standards
Magazine article from: The Journal of Bank Cost & Management Accounting; 1/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...Pearson, D.B.A., CPA, CMA*** Lobbying by auditors and their financial institution...setting bodies, in fact, usually welcome lobbying efforts in the hopes that all points...researched analyses of the issues."1 The lobbying process is described in this article...
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LOBBYING REVISION:MARTIN MEEHAN
Transcript from: Congressional Testimony; 3/30/2006; 700+ words
; ...you for the opportunity to testify on lobbying reform today. Mr. Chairman, there...and too cozy. The last major piece of lobbying reform legislation was passed in 1995...register actually does so. Of the 250 top lobbying firms, 210 failed to file one or more...
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Are lobbying and electioneering O.K.?
Magazine article from: Nonprofit World; 5/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; What exactly are lobbying and electioneering? How can you be...was interested to read about charity lobbying in your magazine recently. I'm still...me. What activities are considered lobbying, and what aren't? Exactly how much...
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Lobbying magic; Hospital groups spend less on influence but manage to achieve more.(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Modern Healthcare; 6/11/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...collectively spent about $1 million less in lobbying expenses in 2000 than in 1999, according...which spent an estimated $8 million on lobbying and other activities in 2000. The coalition...isn't registered with Congress as a lobbying organization because it was created as...
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 "Albany Times Union (Albany, NY)")
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LOBBYING LAXITY.(MAIN)(Editorial)
Newspaper article from: Albany Times Union (Albany, NY); 9/21/2004; 700+ words
; ...loan have the loopholes in the state's lobbying laws been so hideously on display. Former...Attorney General Dennis Vacco and his lobbying firm of Crane, Vacco managed to land...s about the highest-stakes form of lobbying imaginable. From a business perspective...
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Lobbying reform shouldn't impact wireless spending on Capitol Hill.(News)
Magazine article from: RCR Wireless News; 2/13/2006; 700+ words
; ...to policymakers, with efforts to pass lobbying reform legislation showing signs of losing...direction. Even so, the high-profile lobbying reform issue is not expected to go away...to be implicated in the government's lobbying corruption probe as a result of disgraced...
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Lobbying and campaign finance: separate and together.(Symposium: The Law of Lobbying)
Magazine article from: Stanford Law & Policy Review; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...INTRODUCTION The relationship between lobbying and campaign finance is complex, contested, and changing. Lobbying and campaign finance are two important...intersection of campaign finance and lobbying when it adopted legislation specifically...
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IRS: Lobbying Could Harm Bond Status: Agency Eyes Tough Stance on Nonprofitts.
Magazine article from: The Bond Buyer; 6/14/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...developing a tough new stance on the lobbying activities of nonprofit organizations...that is sending a warning that excessive lobbying potentially could jeopardize the tax...the tax agency believes the group's lobbying activities may violate the tax law governing...
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LOBBYING REVISION:JAMES THURBER
Transcript from: Congressional Testimony; 3/2/2006; 700+ words
; ...for the opportunity to testify today on lobbying and related reforms. I appreciate the...DC. I teach a graduate seminar on Lobbying and Ethics and founded the Public Affairs...teaching, I have studied the law regarding lobbying and have evaluated lobbying reform proposals...
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Lobbying restrictions: take a very hard look at 501(h). (Taxing Issues).
Magazine article from: The Non-profit Times; 2/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...organizations conduct activities that constitute lobbying but don't realize it. As an executive...Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) lobbying rules and limits, and be able to apply...law, IRS penalties for doing too much lobbying can be harsh, including loss of tax...
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Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995)
Book article from: Major Acts of Congress
Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995) Thomas Susman...since the beginning of the Republic, lobbying is a paid activity designed to influence...through some form of communication. The Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) of 1995 (P.L...
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Lobbying
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Lobbying Lobbying is the process by which an organized interest communicates its concerns...percentage of lobbyists are volunteers. Regardless of the extent to which lobbying persuades policy makers, a topic debated by scholars, lobbying serves...
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lobbying
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
lobbying practice and profession of influencing...governmental actions. In the United States lobbying has become an accepted and ubiquitous...especially bribery of officials, has given lobbying an unsavory connotation and has led to...
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Armed Services Lobbying Associations
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to American Military History
Armed Services Lobbying Associations. Voluntary organizations...come until the twentieth century, when lobbying associations were formed for each armed...associations defined their primary purpose as lobbying Congress, explaining defense issues...
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Lobbies
Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History
...persuasion. The objects and tactics of lobbying have shifted sharply in American history...The most notorious examples of illicit lobbying in the nineteenth century involved railroad...technique was a response to exposure of lobbying scandals at both state and national levels...
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