DNA replication
DNA replication The process whereby DNA makes exact copies of itself, which is controlled by the enzyme DNA
polymerase. Replication occurs at rates of between 50 nucleotides per second (in mammals) and 500 nucleotides per second (in bacteria). The hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases on the two strands of the parent DNA molecule break and the strands unwind, each strand acting as a template for the synthesis of a new one complementary to itself (see
DNA-binding proteins;
primosome). DNA polymerases move down the two single strands linking free nucleotides to their complementary bases (see
base pairing) on the templates. The process continues until all the nucleotides on the templates have joined with appropriate free nucleotides and two identical molecules of DNA have been formed. This process is known as
semiconservative replication as each new molecule contains half of the original parent DNA molecule (compare
conservative replication;
dispersive replication). Sometimes mutations occur that may cause the exact sequence of the parent DNA not to be replicated. However,
DNA repair mechanisms reduce this possibility. In eukaryotes, replication is initiated at numerous points, called
origins of replication, along each DNA molecule and proceeds simultaneously at each site. See also
discontinuous replication.
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Appeals Court to Decide Watson's Nicotine Gum Issues.
PR Newswire; 12/29/1999; 700+ words
; ...Court. Events leading up to the Appeals Court's decision to hear the appeal on an expedited basis are as...now aggressively defend SKB's appeal to the Appeals Court. While we expect to prevail on the appeal, it is likely that SKB will...
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Appeals collection developments.(IRS appeals)
Magazine article from: The Tax Adviser; 7/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...implemented an administrative appeals program for taxpayers...levies and liens when Appeals heard these CAP cases...taxpayers the right to appeal the termination of installment...Taxpayers who request a CAP appeal now have an opportunity...are high-priority. Appeals' goal is to complete...
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Quarterly appeal tribunal statistics - March 2001.
M2 Presswire; 9/6/2001; 700+ words
; ...2001. The Quarterly Appeal Tribunal Statistics...provides analyses of appeals handled by the Appeals...1998 affected the appeals process. Prior to...notified that an appeal had been received...the decision under appeal. Appeals Cleared at Hearing...
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Appeals court overturns Microsoft breakup.
News Wire article from: United Press International; 6/28/2001; 700+ words
; ...We are pleased that the Court of Appeals found that Microsoft had engaged...Supreme Court declined to hear a direct appeal of the case, though such an appeal was allowed by federal law, and said the appeals court would have to rule first...
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IRS appeals - maintaining independence, balancing enforcement, and improving currency.
Magazine article from: Tax Executive; 11/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; A look at the Appeals function of the Internal Revenue Service...percent collection work. In addition, Appeals now faces other challenges, including...and disputes over its independence. Appeals has managed to address these challenges...
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Appeals in the 1990s: "new directions." (From the IRS Appeals: 1992 NSPA National Issues Conference)
Magazine article from: The National Public Accountant; 7/1/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...responsibility for the operation of Appeals within that region. ROLE OF APPEALS IN U.S. INCOME TAX PROCEDURE The U.S. federal income tax appeal procedure is shown on the flow...facing page. Most cases come to Appeals when tax adjustments or penalties...
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 "The Birmingham Post (England)")
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APPEALS.
Newspaper article from: The Birmingham Post (England); 8/19/1998; 700+ words
; ...Birmingham Arthritis Appeals Trust (BAAT...to: Val Spittle, Appeal Director, Get A...Amanda Richards, Appeals Manager, Acorns...Keyhole Surgery Appeal pounds 1m...CHARITY: The Cradle Appeal A new Fertility and...Hospitals Charity, Appeals Office, Walsgrave...
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Appeals' role in tax shelter settlement: independence affirmed.(IRS's National Director of Appeals David B. Robison)(Interview)
Magazine article from: Tax Executive; 3/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Announcement 2005-80 on the independence of the Appeals function. The letter, which was reprinted in...B. Robison, the IRS's National Director of Appeals, about the role of Appeals in tax administration. Following that meeting...
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 "The Record (Bergen County, NJ)")
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APPEALS ARE LESS TAXING THIS YEAR
Newspaper article from: The Record (Bergen County, NJ); 3/29/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...will be flooded with appeals this week. "It's...across North Jersey on the appeal process said the turnouts...in part, prompted 300 appeals last year, many from...expects only about 100 appeals this year, he can count...big industrials" to appeal again. "Even some of...
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Quarterly Appeal Tribunal Statistics - December 2001.
M2 Presswire; 6/6/2002; 700+ words
; ...2002. The Quarterly Appeal Tribunal Statistics...provides analyses of appeals handled by the Appeals...1998 affected the appeals process. Prior to...notified that an appeal had been received...the decision under appeal. Appeals Cleared at Hearing...
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Courts of Appeals
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
...Court of Review are court of appeals judges designated for service...justice. The courts of appeals are mandatory jurisdiction courts. A litigant may appeal a final judgment to them...right; the grounds for appeals must be claimed procedural...
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Appeal
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...several levels of appeals from a determination...For example, an appeal of the decision of...from interlocutory appeals, and to give the...obviating the need for appeal. The consideration...justice. Time of Appeal Appeals must be made within...
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Court of Appeal
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...states, the court of appeals is an intermediate...of lower courts on appeal. Its decisions are...statutory right to appeal their cases to it. State courts of appeals are frequently courts...of state courts of appeals: one for the review...cases and one for the appeal of criminal ...
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U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...x2014; the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims exercises...decisions of the Board of Veterans Appeals (BVA). People seeking veterans...turned down by the BVA may appeal their case to the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. Claimants...
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U.S. Courts of Appeals
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...Court from the burden of handling all appeals from cases decided by federal trial...administrative bodies. A typical appeal from a district court decision consists...present. A decision by a court of appeals is final, unless the supreme court...
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