Cenozoic
Cenozoic (Cainozoic; Kainozoic) The geological era that began about 65 million years ago and extends to the present. It followed the
Mesozoic era and is subdivided into the
Tertiary and
Quaternary periods. The Cenozoic is often known as the
Age of Mammals as these animals evolved to become an abundant, diverse, and dominant group. Birds and flowering plants also flourished. The era saw the formation of the major mountain ranges of the Himalayas and the Alps.
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Sulfate resistances of different types of Turkish Portland cements by selecting the appropriate test methods.
Magazine article from: Construction and Building Materials; 11/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...deterioration due to sulfate attack is a serious...the world. Soluble sulfates, pricipally those...short duration. The sulfates resulting in degradation...sources. External sulfate attack occurs when sulfates diffuse or permeate...
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Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to magnesium sulfate solutions.
Magazine article from: Construction and Building Materials; 8/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...plain and blended cements exposed to magnesium sulfate solutions with varying sulfate concentrations for up to 24 months. Four types...plus fly ash, were exposed to five magnesium sulfate solutions with sulfate concentration of 1...
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Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to wetting--drying and heating--cooling environments.
Magazine article from: Construction and Building Materials; 8/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...for the structures exposed to sulfate attack and cycles of wetting...cement; Heating-cooling; Sulfate attack; Wetting-drying 1...Deterioration of concrete by sulfates of an external source is a...containing high concentrations of sulfate ions. This durability problem...
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Sulfate resistance of the cement materials based on the modified silica fume.
Magazine article from: Construction and Building Materials; 2/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...Keywords: Sulfate deterioration; Sulfate resistance; Modified silica...Besides the acidic media, the sulfate aggressive media are often...potassium, and magnesium sulfates are primary sources of sulfate ions in ground waters. Effluents...
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Chondroitin sulfates.(Monograph)
Magazine article from: Alternative Medicine Review; 12/1/2006; 700+ words
; ...and position of the sulfate groups and the percentage...chain, chondroitin sulfates are actually a heterogeneous...Proprietary chondroitin sulfate products have been utilized...research on chondroitin sulfates and osteoarthritis...dose of chondroitin sulfate is hydrolyzed into ...
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Sodium sulfate consumption market in China.(Inorganics)
Magazine article from: China Chemical Reporter; 9/6/2009; 700+ words
; Sodium sulfate (anhydrous sodium sulfate, [Na.sub.2]S[O.sub.4]), a basic chemical raw...in the production of pharmaceuticals, food additives, barium sulfate and potassium sulfate. * Consumption mix During 2001-2005...
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Vacuolar Sulfate Transporters Are Essential Determinants Controlling Internal Distribution of Sulfate in Arabidopsis
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 10/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; Uptake of external sulfate from the environment and use of internal vacuolar sulfate pools are two important aspects of the acquisition...we demonstrated that the vacuolar SULTR4-type sulfate transporter facilitates the efflux of sulfate from...
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Sulfate in the soil and concrete foundations.(Problem Clinic)
Magazine article from: Concrete Construction; 3/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...attack. We define sulfate attack as destructive...the presence of sulfates by itself is not...dissolves the available sulfates, and when the water...white deposit of sulfate minerals remains...there may be other sulfate compounds as well...action of the various sulfates is not the ...
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Calcium sulfate hemihydrate activated low heat sulfate resistant cement.(Statistical Data Included)
Magazine article from: Construction and Building Materials; 4/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Investigations were undertaken to produce low heat sulfate resistant cement by activation of granulated...phosphate industries with the calcium sulfate hemihydrate. Experimental data showed...Keywords: Granulated slag; Calcium sulfate hemihydrate; Cement 1. Introduction...
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Magnesium sulfate market is stable, but sees some pressures from imports. (Inorganics).(Epsom salts)
Magazine article from: Chemical Market Reporter; 4/7/2003; ; 700+ words
; THE NORTH American magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) market has been balanced...raising pricing on packaged magnesium sulfate and liquid products by $15 per ton...business group manager, magnesium sulfate, PQ. "Pricing of key raw materials...
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sulfate
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...compound containing the sulfate (SO 4 ) radical . Sulfates are salts or esters...white vitriol is zinc sulfate . Alums are double sulfates, containing two different metals and two sulfate radicals. Organic sulfates are esters. They can...
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Magnesium Sulfate
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Magnesium Sulfate Magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) is a white powder, commonly known as epsom salts...and treating and preventing seizures during pregnancy. Magnesium sulfate is also used to treat constipation. It has recently been noticed...
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Potassium Aluminum Sulfate
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Potassium aluminum sulfate is chemical which conforms to the general formula KAl(SO 4 ) 2 . Also known as aluminum potassium sulfate, its unique characteristics have made it an important compound...
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cupric sulfate
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
cupric sulfate or copper (II) sulfate, chemical compound, CuSO 4 , taking the form of white rhombohedral...to 110°C and fully dehydrates at 150°C. Cupric sulfate is used in copperplating, in dyeing (as a mordant), in wet...
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Barium sulfate
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Barium sulfate Barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) is a white or yellow powder or crystalline salt with no...water, but dissolves in hot concentrated sulfuric acid. Barium sulfate occurs in nature as the mineral barite, or baryte, which is mined...
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