free indirect style
The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature
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2003
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© The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature 2003, originally published by Oxford University Press 2003. (Hide copyright information)
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free indirect style, a way of narrating characters' thoughts or utterances that combines some of the features of third-person report with some features of first-person direct speech, allowing a flexible and sometimes ironic overlapping of internal and external perspectives. Free indirect style (a translation of French
style indirecte libre) dispenses with tag-phrases (‘she thought’, etc.), and adopts the idiom of the character's own thoughts, including indicators of time and place, as ‘She'd leave here tomorrow’, rather than ‘She decided to leave that place the next day’. The device was exploited by some 19th-cent. novelists such as
Austen and
Flaubert, and has been widely adopted thereafter.
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The Baseline: Spectroscopy Is Applied Quantum Mechanics, Part I: The Need for Quantum Mechanics
Magazine article from: Spectroscopy; 12/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...issues. Spectroscopy In 1860, Robert Bunsen (of Bunsen burner fame...years later, a Swiss physicist, Johannes Rydberg, generalized Balmer's formula...is a constant now known as the Rydberg constant. This formula predicts...
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Stamp vignette on medical sciene: Manne Siegbahn--Nobel Prize for X-ray Spectroscopy
Magazine article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 3/1/1998; ; 657 words
; ...universities in Gottingen and Munich, Germany. During his doctoral work, he was an assistant to Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg (18541919) and studied magnetism. Siegbahn's doctoral thesis was on the measurement of magnetic fields. After...
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CLASSICAL REVIEW; CDs prove women excel at the podium
Newspaper article from: The Patriot Ledger Quincy, MA; 4/26/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...poem by Swedish poet Viktor Rydberg for narrator, two horns...recording the four symphonies of Johannes Brahms for Naxos, a plum assignment...of the great German composer Robert Schumann, was herself a celebrated...Interestingly in the same key as Robert's famous concerto written...
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Johannes Robert Rydberg
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Johannes Robert Rydberg , 1854-1919, Swedish physicist. Rydberg was a professor at Lund from 1901 to 1919. He is best...characterized by a running integer and a universal "Rydberg" constant. These series helped guide the development...
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Rydberg, Johannes
Book article from: Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
Rydberg, Johannes SWEDISH MATHEMATICIAN AND PHYSICIST1854–1919 Johannes Robert Rydberg was born in Halmstad, Sweden...J., and Robertson, E. F. "Johannes Robert Rydberg." Available from <http...
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Balmer, Johann Jakob
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...Balmer ’ s work served as a model for other series formulas, especially the more generalized formulas of Johannes Robert Rydberg (1854-1919), Heinrich Kayser (1853-1940), and Carl Runge (1856-1927). Balmer published only one...
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