Research topic:John Toland

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Toland, John

The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature | 2003 | | © The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature 2003, originally published by Oxford University Press 2003. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Toland, John (1670–1722), freethinker, born in Ireland. He settled in Oxford where he completed Christianity not Mysterious (1696), which made him notorious. It also began the Deist controversy (see Deism) and initiated the one great epoch of Irish philosophy. He addressed to the queen of Prussia his Letters of Serena (1704), whose materialistic pantheism—he coined the word ‘pantheist’ in 1705—he flamboyantly expressed in Pantheisticon (1720). In 1698 he wrote a life of Milton and edited his prose works. Toland's Tetradymus (1720) contains perhaps the first essay on the esoteric/exoteric distinction. Pope ridiculed him; Swift called him ‘the great Oracle of the Anti-Christians’.

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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Toland, John." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 16 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Toland, John." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (December 16, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-TolandJohn.html

MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Toland, John." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-TolandJohn.html

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