Novembergruppe
A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art
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1999
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© A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information)
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Novembergruppe. A group of radical left-wing artists formed in Berlin in December 1918; it took its name from after the revolution that had broken out in Germany the previous month, at the end of the First World War, and the professed aim of the Novembergruppe was to help national renewal by means of a closer relation between progressive artists and the public. The prime movers in creating the group were César Klein (1876–1954), a painter and theatrical designer, and Max
Pechstein. Others who quickly joined included Rudolf
Belling, Heinrich
Campendonk, Otto
Müller, and Hans
Purrmann. In 1919 the group created the Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Workers' Council for Art) in an attempt to bring about a dialogue between art and the masses, but this collapsed in 1921 and interest and support came mainly from the middle classes. Artistically the group covered a wide spectrum, from
Cubism and
Expressionism to geometrical abstraction and
Social Realism. Through its numerous exhibitions in the 1920s it did much to foster an artistic revival, and many of its aims were more fully realized at the
Bauhaus. The group disbanded in 1929.
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