Independent Group
A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art
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1999
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© A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information)
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Independent Group. A small and informal discussion group that met intermittently between 1952 and 1955 at the
Institute of Contemporary Arts, London. The members, who represented a wide cross-section of the visual arts, included Lawrence
Alloway, Richard
Hamilton, Eduardo
Paolozzi, Reyner Banham (1922–88), an architectural and design historian, and several architects. The issues they discussed included advertising and mass culture, and the first phase of British
Pop art grew out of the Group. After it had ceased to exist, some of the members were involved in mounting the ‘This is Tomorrow’ exhibition at the
Whitechapel Art Gallery, London.
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Winds of change: when world leaders meet in Copenhagen for a major UN Climate Change conference this month, renewable energies will be at the top of the agenda. Egypt can lay claim to having embraced one of the most progressive energy policies in the world, as its Zafarana wind farm development demonstrates.(BUSINESS: Wind farms)(United Nations)
Magazine article from: The Middle East; 12/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...one of the world's biggest wind farms. NREA, established in...range of energy option including wind farms and overseeing the establishment...a 30% stake in the Spanish wind turbine manufacturer MTorres...sand storms, salt-laden winds and periods of high humidity...
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 "Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI)")
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WIND ENERGY FIRM SEES FORTUNES ON THE BREEZE WAVE WIND OF SUN PRAIRIE IS WORKING WITH A MAJOR GLOBAL MANUFACTURER ON A WIND FARM NEAR MADISON.(BUSINESS)(Company overview)
Newspaper article from: Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI); 12/17/2009; 700+ words
; ...krivedal@madison.com 608-252-6106 A local wind energy business is introducing a major new international player into the wind industry in North America, starting with a six-turbine wind farm expected to be built northwest of Madison next...
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Wind energy, natural gas among topics at Oklahoma Wind Energy Conference
Newspaper article from: THE JOURNAL RECORD; 11/23/2009; ; 700+ words
; Are natural gas and wind going to be partners or competitors as...discussed at Revolution 2009: the Oklahoma Wind Energy Conference scheduled Dec. 2 and...Oklahoma City."Oklahoma is ideal for wind development," said Robert Wegener, Oklahoma...
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 "The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR)")
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Wind chill thawing.(Recreation)(North America emerges from an Ice Age of wind chill miscalculations)
Newspaper article from: The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR); 12/20/2001; 700+ words
; ...cross-country skis. Suddenly, a stiff wind slaps you in the face. It picks up speed...that's what a 25-mile-per-hour wind is supposed to feel like on a 10-degree...warming news about frostbite and how wind and cold air affects people. That cold...
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 "Weekly Reader, Edition Pre-K (including Science Spin)")
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Wind: wind is air that moves.(SCIENCE)
Magazine article from: Weekly Reader, Edition Pre-K (including Science Spin); 2/1/2008; 700+ words
; ...generator creates energy. * Wind can be harmful. Strong winds can knock down trees and...Marie Hall Ets * I Face the Wind, by Vicki Cobb * Land of the Four Winds, by Veronica Freeman Ellis * One Leaf Rides the Wind, by Celeste Davidson Mannis...
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Wind farming
Magazine article from: Resource; 7/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...reduction in production cost, wind farming has spread into the...and Vermont have also seen wind farm development. The three...are locating a site with good winds, easy access to transmission...essential steps for developing a wind farm: 1) site selection...
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Wind-Power Projects Popping Up in Northwest U.S.
Newspaper article from: Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News; 6/24/2001; 700+ words
; ...atop the tawny, melting hills of these arid steppes, turning hypnotically in a steady western wind. This is blow-your-shirt-off wind, wind that rattles the wheat and ruffles in your ears loud enough to make you shout. Wind steady and...
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Wind out of their sails: opposition to a project off Cape Cod poses big questions for offshore wind farms in the U.S.(FEATURE FOCUS: OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGIES)
Magazine article from: Mechanical Engineering-CIME; 6/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...To be profitable, a wind farm must operate in an...with strong, dependable winds. As it turns out, the...Netherlands, which depend on wind power to supply an increasingly...electricity demand, the high winds in shallow waters offshore...according to the European Wind Energy Association, a...
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Wind River introduces the most comprehensive online board support package resource to speed application development.
M2 Presswire; 12/17/2002; 700+ words
; M2 PRESSWIRE-17 December 2002-WIND RIVER: Wind River introduces the most comprehensive online board support...development(C)1994-2002 M2 COMMUNICATIONS LTD RDATE:12162002 Wind River, the worldwide market leader in embedded software and...
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Wind River Named to Software Development Times 100 List; Honored for Successfully Setting a New Direction for Embedded Software Industry.
Business Wire; 6/3/2003; 700+ words
; ...Business Editors/High-Tech Writers ALAMEDA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--June 3, 2003 Wind River Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq:WIND) Synopsis: -- WIND RIVER PLATFORM strategy recognized by SD Times 100 as "redefining the RTOS market" -- Award...
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Wind
Book article from: World of Earth Science
...are examples of local wind. Winds, driven by large pressure...Hemisphere, it tends to drive winds left of path. For example, wind in the Northern Hemisphere...terrain over which the wind is blowing. On very hilly land, winds may be deflected by 30...
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Wind Chime
Book article from: How Products Are Made
Wind Chime Background The wind chime is a musical instrument that harnesses the wind as its player and composer. The wind chime is also called a wind bell, and it is made in three basic configurations: a cluster of similar objects (metal tubes...
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wind
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...estimated that tornado winds have reached a velocity...the highest wind speeds ever documented...The prevailing wind systems of the earth...Coriolis effect ), the winds do not blow directly...Hemisphere. The wind systems comprise the trade winds ; the prevailing...
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Seasonal Winds
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...particular seasonal wind — and the...forces that drive the winds — depend...winds or drainage winds). Although technically...kind of downslope wind is called a katabatic...significantly stronger wind than a mountain breeze. For katabatic winds carrying cold air...
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Stellar Wind
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...on Earth. Stellar winds, even more gentle than the solar wind, are difficult to...Analogous to the solar wind, many stars have stellar winds. Because stars are so distant, stellar winds that are as gentle as the solar wind do not produce dramatic...
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