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states' rights

A Dictionary of World History | 2000 | © A Dictionary of World History 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

states' rights A US political doctrine that upholds the rights of individual states against the power of the federal government. The framers of the CONSTITUTION OF THE USA produced a federal system in which the delineation of power between the federal government and the states was open to interpretation, and from the very beginning divergent views on this issue have influenced US politics. In the early years of the USA Alexander HAMILTON and the FEDERALIST PARTY saw the Constitution as a sanction for strong central (federal) government, while JEFFERSON and his followers believed that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government should be reserved to the states. The doctrine of states' rights lay behind the NULLIFICATION Crisis of 1828–33 and provided the constitutional basis of the Southern case in the dispute leading up to the AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. In recent years the doctrine has been central to controversies over CIVIL RIGHTS and welfare expenditure.

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Sophomore sets just one goal at state: Winning Northstars' Bickerstaff is top 300-meter hurdler; Track Athletes to Watch Boys Jim Berger, senior, Mukwonago: Raised the state's top mark in the discus at the Southeast Conference meet and regionals. His season-best mark of 175 feet 5 inches ranks second in the state. Erick Collins, senior, Beloit: Defending champion in the 110-meter high hurdles, qualifying this year with a time of 14.5 seconds. Also a favorite in the 300 intermediate hurdles after finishing second last year. Josh Dickerson, senior, D.C. Everest: Won the 100 as a sophomore, finished third last year and has the second-fastest qualifying time in the race this year (10.8). Signed with the University of Wisconsin for football. Ian Douglas, junior, Beaver Dam: A double threat, possessing the second-best qualifying efforts in the shotput and discus. Ray Earnest, senior, Milwaukee Pulaski: A threat to win three events, owning the top seeding in the long jump and 100 meters and the second-fastest time in the 200. Finished fourth in the 200 as a junior. Cornelius Hill, junior, Milwaukee Bay View: Qualified in the 1,600 and 3,200. Finished second at the state cross country meet and took fourth in the 1,600 as a junior. Steve Holzbauer, junior, Germantown: His fourth-place finish in the 400 last year makes him the top returning qualifier in the event. Owns the top seeding in the 400 (50.0) and is the second-fastest qualifier in the 200 (21.9). Gabe Jennings, junior, Madison East: Favorite to repeat as the 1,600 and 3,200 champion. Also is the top qualifier in the 800. Bryan Kuehn, senior, Sevastopol: The defending champion in the high jump, long jump and triple jump. This year is seeded either first or second in those events. Todd Marine, senior, Oak Creek: Improved on the state-best triple jump at regionals and sectionals, qualifying for state at 47-23 4. Finished fourth in the event last year. Keith Rasmussen, senior, Menomonee Falls: Owns the state's top shotput this season at 62-91 2 and is the fourth-seeded qualifier. Finished third as a junior. Doug Rebhahn, senior, Arcadia: Won both hurdling events in Division 3 as a sophomore and junior. His best times this season are 14.9 seconds in the 110 highs and 39.5 in the 300 intermediates. Robert Thompson, senior, Whitefish Bay: Took third place in the triple jump as a junior. Posted his season best in the event at sectionals with a mark of 46-11, which ranks second-best in the state. Girls Flatria Horne, senior, Racine Park: Won both the 100 and 200 in Division 1 as a junior. Her qualifying times of 11.9 in the 100 and 24.7 in the 200 were the best in the Division 1 field this year. Angie Ziarek, senior, Muskego: Won the 1,600 crown in Division 1 last year with a time of 5:00.62. She qualified for both the 1,600 and 3,200 this year. Has committed to the University of Wisconsin. Brenda Meyer, senior, Watertown: Last year Meyer upset defending state champion Tanisha Boston to earn the discus crown with a toss of 138-9 and finished second in the shotput with an effort of 40-11 4. Aimee Daugs, senior, Watertown: Daugs placed among the top three in both the 1,600 and 3,200-meter runs last year at the state meet, but will participate in just the 1,600 this year. Daugs won the Division 1 cross country crown last fall. Nadine Chojnacki, senior, Waukesha South: Has qualified for both the 400 and 800, and will look to improve upon the fifth-place finish she posted in the 800 last year. Lisa Kincaid, senior, Palmyra-Eagle: One of the best athletes competing, Kincaid is the two-time defending Division 2 champion in both the triple jump and the long jump. She also finished second in the 100 and third in the 200 last year. Has qualified for all but the 100 again this year. Rachael Anderson, senior, Mount Horeb: Defending Division 2 champion in the 300 hurdles, Anderson will attempt to defend her title this year. Division 2 state cross country champion as a sophomore, will also run on Mount Horeb's 3,200 relay, which took top honors at the meet last year. Lena Van Haren, junior, Mount Horeb: Defending Division 2 champion in the 800 also took home top Division 2 honors at the state cross country meet last fall. Qualified for 1,600 as well. Teams with Anderson on Mount Horeb's 3,200 relay. April Beard, senior, Winneconne: Defending Division 2 state champion in the 200 and 400. She missed a state record in the 400 by one one-hundredth of a second last year with an effort of 56.10. Nicole Wee, junior, North Crawford: Defending Division 3 state champion in the 100 and 200, she has qualified for both events again this year, as well as the 400.
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 5/30/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...Bickerstaff's first trip to the state meet, North coach Chuck Bova...think he'd be running 38.6 right now. He is blossoming into...6 feet 2 inches, 190 pounds right now. And he's still growing...behind Racine Park's defending state champion Flatria Horne, who...
Only time will tell how this first round rates; THE FIRST THREE ROUNDS 1997 NFL DRAFT SELECTIONS FIRST ROUND 1. St. Louis (from New York Jets), Orlando Pace, t, Ohio State; 2. Oakland (from New Orleans), Darrell Russell, dt, Southern California; 3. Seattle (from Atlanta), Shawn Springs, cb, Ohio State; 4. Baltimore, Peter Boulware, de, Florida State; 5. Detroit, Bryant Westbrook, db, Texas. 6. Seattle (from New York Jets through St. Louis and Tampa Bay), Walter Jones, t, Florida St; 7. New York Giants, Ike Hilliard, wr, Florida; 8. New York Jets (from Tampa Bay), James Farrior, lb, Virginia; 9. Arizona, Tom Knight, db, Iowa; 10. New Orleans (from Oakland), Chris Naeole, g, Colorado. 11. Atlanta (from Chicago through Seattle), Michael Booker, db, Nebraska; 12. Tampa Bay (from Seattle), Warrick Dunn, rb, Florida State; 13. Kansas City (from Houston), Tony Gonzalez, te, California; 14. Cincinnati, Reinard Wilson, lb, Florida State; 15. Miami, Yatil Green, wr, Miami. 16. Tampa Bay (from San Diego), Reidel Anthony, wr, Florida; 17. Washington, Kenard Lang, de, Miami; 18. Houston (from Kansas City), Kenny Holmes, de, Miami; 19. Indianapolis, Tarik Glenn, t, California; 20. Minnesota, Dwayne Rudd, lb, Alabama. 21. Jacksonville, Renaldo Wynn, dt, Notre Dame; 22. Dallas (from Philadelphia), David LaFleur, te, LSU; 23. Buffalo, Antowain Smith, rb, Houston; 24. Pittsburgh, Chad Scott, db, Maryland; 25. Philadelphia (from Dallas), Jon Harris, de, Virginia. 26. San Francisco, Jim Druckenmiller, qb, Virginia Tech; 27. Carolina, Rae Carruth, wr, Colorado; 28. Denver, Trevor Pryce, dt, Clemson; 29. New England, Chris Canty, db, Kansas State; 30. Green Bay, Ross Verba, g-t, Iowa. SECOND ROUND 31. New York Jets, Rick Terry, dt, North Carolina; 32. Atlanta, Nathan Davis, de, Indiana; 33. New Orleans, Rob Kelly, db, Ohio State; 34. Baltimore, Jamie Sharper, lb, Virginia; 35. Detroit, Juan Roque, g, Arizona State. 36. New York Giants, Tiki Barber, rb, Virginia; 37. Tampa Bay, Jerry Wunsch, t, Wisconsin; 38. Chicago (from St. Louis), John Allred, te, Southern California; 39. New Orleans (from Oakland), Jared Tomich, de, Nebraska; 40. St. Louis (from Chicago), Dexter McCleon, db, Clemson. 41. Atlanta (from Seattle), Bryan Hanspard, rb, Texas Tech; 42. Arizona, Jake Plummer, qb, Arizona State; 43. Cincinnati, Corey Dillon, rb, Washington; 44. Miami, Sam Madison, db, Louisville; 45. San Diego, Freddie Jones, te, North Carolina. 46. Houston, Joey Kent, wr, Tennessee; 47. Kansas City, Kevin Lockett, wr, Kansas State; 48. Indianapolis, Adam Meadows, t, Georgia; 49. Minnesota, Torrian Gray, db, Virginia Tech; 50. Jacksonville, Mike Logan, db, West Virginia. 51. Washington, Greg Jones, lb, Colorado; 52. Buffalo, Marcellus Wiley, de, Columbia; 53. Pittsburgh, Will Blackwell, wr, San Diego State; 54. Detroit (from Dallas), Kevin Abrams, db, Syracuse; 55. San Francisco (from Philadelphia), Marc Edwards, fb, Notre Dame. 56. Carolina, Mike Minter, db, Nebraska; 57. Philadelphia (from San Francisco), James Darling, lb, Washington State; 58. Baltimore (from Denver), Kim Herring, db, Penn State; 59. New England, Brandon Mitchell, dt, Texas A&M; 60. Green Bay, Darren Sharper, db, William & Mary. THIRD ROUND 61. New England (from New York Jets), Sedrick Shaw, rb, Iowa; 62. New Orleans, Troy Davis, rb, Iowa State; 63. Tampa Bay (from Atlanta through Seattle), Frank Middleton, g, Arizona; 64. Baltimore, Jay Graham, rb, Tennessee; 65. Dallas (from Detroit), Dexter Coakley, lb, Appalachian State. 66. Tampa Bay, Ronde Barber, db, Virginia; 67. Denver (from St. Louis through New York Jets), Dan Neil, c, Texas; 68. New York Giants, Ryan Phillips, lb, Idaho; 69. Chicago, Bob Sapp, g, Washington; 70. Atlanta (from Seattle), O.J. Santiago, te, Kent. 71. Philadlephia (from Arizona), Duce Staley, rb, South Carolina; 72. Oakland, Adam Treu, g, Nebraska; 73. Miami, Jason Taylor, de, Akron; 74. San Diego, Michael Hamilton, lb, North Carolina A&T; 75. Houston, Denard Walker, db, LSU. 76. Cincinnati, Rod Payne, c, Michigan; 77. San Francisco (from Indianapolis), Greg Clark, te, Stanford; 78. Minnesota, Stalin Colinet, de, Boston College; 79. Jacksonville, James Hamilton, lb, North Carolina; 80. Washington, Derek Smith, lb, Arizona State. 81. Houston (from Kansas City), Scott Sanderson, t, Washington State; 82. Pittsburgh, Paul Wiggins, t, Oregon; 83. Dallas, Steve Scifres, t, Wyoming; 84. Arizona (from Philadelphia), Ty Howard, db, Ohio State; 85. Oakland (from Buffalo), Tim Kohn, t, Iowa State. 86. Indianapolis (from San Francisco), Bert Berry, lb, Notre Dame; 87. Carolina, Kinnon Tatum, lb, Notre Dame; 88. New York Jets (from Denver), Dedric Ward, wr, Northern Iowa; 89. New England, Chris Carter, db, Texas; 90. Green Bay, Brett Conway, pk, Penn State. 91. x- Pittsburgh, Mike Vrabel, de, Ohio State; 92. x-Miami, Derrick Rodgers, lb, Arizona State; 93. x-Miami, Ronnie Ward, lb, Kansas; 94. x-Dallas, Kenny Wheaton, db, Oregon; 95. x-New York Giants, Brad Maynard, p, Ball State; 96. x-Miami, Brent Smith, t, Mississippi State.
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 4/20/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...several weeks ago, took Ohio State cornerback Shawn Springs. Baltimore...put at No. 4 and took Florida State end Peter Boulware. And Detroit...choice to Tampa Bay for the rights to the No. 6 pick. The Buccaneers...Seahawks proceeded to take Florida State tackle Walter Jones, who was...
PREP PREVIEW: BOYS CROSS COUNTRY Arrowhead keeps goals high, cockiness low Warhawks seeking third successive state title; ATHLETES TO WATCH Brett Angel, jr., Racine Case: Finished 13th in Division 1 at the WIAA state championships last year (16:33), best time among returning runners in the area. Clete Willems, sr., Kenosha Tremper: Placed 18th at state last year in 16:35. Consistent runner who will be counted on heavily. Nick Minderman, sr., West Bend West: Always among the leaders in big races, Minderman placed 25th in Division 1 at state last year in 16:38. Sal Impellitteri, jr., Whitefish Bay: Should improve on an impressive showing at state, where he finished 32nd in Division 1 at 16:48. Marshall Finnegan, sr., West Allis Central: Finished a disappointing 44th last year at the state meet after an 11th-place finish in 1995. A third-place finish in the 1,600 and sixth-place finish in the 800 at state track meet could get him back in form. Brad Groff, sr., Wauwatosa West: Finished season in style last year. Ran a gutsy race to finish third in Division 2 at state meet in an impressive 16:24. Won Pewaukee sectional prior to state in 16:33 and Woodland Conference meet in 16:27. Kyle Fraser, sr., Nicolet: After winning the Menomonee Falls sectional in 16:18, finished 75th at state in 17:13. Disappointing finish which will serve as motivation this season. Dan Hart, sr., Racine St. Catherine's: Won WISAA Division 1 individual title last year in 16:16, improving greatly on third-place finish at Metro Conference meet (16:41).
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 8/21/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...Athletic Association Division 1 state champions. Sure, they have...the most critical thing for us right now is to really focus hard...runners in the top 51 at the state meet to finish with 87 points...Arrington, who finished 15th at state. Seniors Vince Jamison, Tom...
Massachusetts shows initiative with recent laws State's colonial tradition, strong academic ties spur legislative innovation; National leader A sampling of Massachusetts firsts: Colonies' first military units established in 1636. First power to control obstructions to air traffic granted to Aeronautics Commission in 1960. First state to have state-funded public housing. Nation's first cancer hospital opened in Pondville in 1926. First trial uses of Thorazine, insulin shock, modified electric shock and hallucinogenic drugs. State opens nation's first school for the retarded, the Walter E. Fernald School, in 1851. First state to establish standards for weight and measures. Massachusetts established State Constabulary in 1865, the first statewide law enforcement agency in the nation. It is now known as the Massachusetts State Police. First retirement system for public employees established in 1912. The first minimum wage law established in 1912.
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 12/15/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...reason: the influence of the academics at the state's bounty of colleges and universities...political history who served as president of the state Senate from 1970 to 1978. "The state capital is right across the (Charles) river from Harvard...
STATE TOURNEMENT RECAP; West athletes hold their own at state; Maple Grove's softball team made it to the Class 3A state championship game in its first state appearance. Meanwhile, west-metro state titles were won by a Minnetonka golfer and several track and field athletes.(WEST)
Newspaper article from: Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); 6/14/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...first round of the Class 2A state boys' golf tournament last...other individual, and it was right at the top. Constable's two...for co-medalist honors at state. He tied with Mahtomedi's...Several new champs A handful of state champions were crowned from...
State of the State; The governor uses his eighth - and final - State of the State address to review his accomplishments. Carlson pronounces state strong - and nary a soul dissents.(NEWS)
Newspaper article from: Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); 2/5/1998; ; 700+ words ; ...in his farewell State of the State speech Wednesday. And there...warmly approving audience of state government leaders from both...proposals. He's got the right idea." Senate Majority Leader...boats." Governors in most states are making similarly rhapsodic...billion he's proposed for ...
State Employees, meet State Employees: Two Credit Unions With The Same Name Participate In The CU Journal's Offer To Do Some Web Page Comparison Shopping.(State Employee Credit Union of Michigan, State Employees Credit Union of Oregon)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Credit Union Journal; 10/8/2001; ; 700+ words ; ...vice president of operations at State Employees Credit Union in Oregon...give-away. People from the state think give- websites are on...and insurance, he said. "Right below that are FAQs pertaining...Player, to view the graphics. "State workers are not allowed to download...
GIRLS GOLF PREVIEW Trio to lead Watertown Top three returners could blaze path to state title; ATHLETES TO WATCH Collette Konicek, Sr., Racine Horlick: Shot a 160 last year in the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association state tournament to tie for fourth place. Finished eighth as a sophomore. Won individual medalist honors the past two years in the Southeast Conference, shooting an 81 last year. Julie Walsh, Sr., Watertown: Averaged 42 strokes last year and is the two-time Little Ten Conference tournament medalist. Fired a 168 total at the WIAA state tournament to finish 10th. A three-time letter-winner for the Goslings. Raphael Garstecki, Jr., Milwaukee DSHA: Transferred from Franklin after finishing 11th at the WIAA state meet with a 171 total. Especially strong around and on the greens and gained valuable experience playing numerous summer tournaments. Jayme Kolinski, Jr., Milwaukee DSHA: Averaged 43 last season to lead the Dashers. Considered one of the longest hitters off the tee in the state. Heather Suhr, Soph., Racine Case: A star on the rise. Placed 14th last year in the WIAA state tournament with a two-day total of 176. Finished eighth in the Southeast Conference meet with a round of 93. Jodi Dresen, Sr., Racine Horlick: Tied for second in the Southeast Conference meet last season with an 84 and then finished ninth at the WIAA state tournament with a 166.
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 8/23/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...tie for fourth place at the state meet. Dresen finished ninth...placed second last year at the state meet. Junior Nikki Toeppe...We have a lot of work to do right now and we need to make progress...the other top teams in the state.
WHAT'S THE STATE OF OUR STATE? CAMPAIGN ISSUE NO. 1; SECOND OF TWO PARTS.(NEWS)(WHAT'S THE STATE OF OUR STATE?)
Newspaper article from: Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); 9/25/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...governor's control. The state is a big ship, not a speedboat...Minnesota is one of the few states losing blue-chip jobs in the bioscience field, and other states "are pulling our pants down...conservatives. "The culture of this state right back to old man Mayo [founder...INDEPENDENCE PARTY ...
COLLEGE FOOTBALL Spurrier can say it: We're No. 1 Gators are finally able to get over the regular-season loss to hated in-state rival Florida State; Final AP Top 25 The Top Twenty Five teams in The Associated Press final college football poll, with first-place votes in parentheses, final records, total points based on 25 points for a first-place vote through one point for a 25th-place vote, and last week's ranking: Record Pts Pv 1. Florida (651 2) 12-1 1,6731 2 3 2. Ohio State (11 2) 11-1 1,5851 2 4 3. Florida State 11-1 1,529 1 4. Arizona State 11-1 1,486 2 5. Brigham Young 14-1 1,360 5 6. Nebraska 11- 2 1,316 6 7. Penn St. 11-2 1,293 7 8. Colorado 10-2 1,228 8 9. Tennessee 10-2 1,172 9 10. North Carolina 10-2 1,070 12 11. Alabama 10-3 977 16 12. Louisiana State 10-2 849 17 13. Virginia Tech 10-2 786 10 14. Miami 9-3 690 19 15. Northwestern 9-3 663 11 16. Washington 9-3 643 13 17. Kansas State 9-3 625 14 18. Iowa 9- 3 535 21 19. Notre Dame 8-3 511 18 20. Michigan 8-4 466 15 21. Syracuse 9-3 451 23 22. Wyoming 10-2 314 22 23. Texas 8-5 169 20 24. Auburn 8-4 130 25. Army 10-2 71 24 Others receiving votes: West Virginia 43, Navy 41, East Carolina 37, Southern Mississippi 22, Stanford 16, Wisconsin 14, San Diego State 4, Virginia 3, Clemson 2.
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 1/5/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...team lost to North Carolina State and Lou Holtz in the 1972 Peach...second half, giving the Florida State offense the first possession...punt was downed at the Florida State 1, the first step in achieving...it. I want you all to know right now, if any one of y'all...

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