Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War (1918–21) A conflict fought in Russia between the anti-communist White Army supported by some Western powers, and the
RED ARMY of the Soviets in the aftermath of the
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION of 1917. It is sometimes referred to as the War of Allied Intervention. Counter-revolutionary forces began organized resistance to the
BOLSHEVIKS in December 1917, and clashed with an army hastily brought together by
TROTSKY. In northern Russia a force made up of French, British, German, and US units landed at Murmansk and occupied Archangel (1918–20). Nationalist revolts in the Baltic States led to the secession of Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland, while a Polish army, with French support, successfully advanced the Polish frontier to the Russian Ukraine, gaining an area not reoccupied by the Soviet Union until World War II. In Siberia, where US and Japanese forces landed, Admiral Kolchak acted as Minister of War in the anti-communist ‘All Russian Government’ and, with the aid of a Czech legion made up of released prisoners-of-war, gained control over sectors of the Trans-Siberian Railway. He, however, was betrayed by the Czechs and murdered, the leadership passing to General
DENIKIN, who sought to establish (1918–20) a ‘United Russia’ purged of the
BOLSHEVIKS. In the Ukraine Denikin mounted a major offensive in 1919, only to be driven back to the Caucasus, where he held out until March 1920. In the Crimea the war continued under General Wrangel until November 1920. A famine in that year caused further risings by the peasants against the communists, while a mutiny of sailors at Kronstadt was suppressed by the Red Army. To win the war,
LENIN imposed his ruthless policy of ‘war communism’. Lack of cooperation between counter-revolutionary forces contributed to their final collapse and to the establishment of the
SOVIET UNION.
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Kurt Biedenkopf, king of Saxony.(Kurt Biedenkopf, who has been re-elected as premier of the German state of Saxony, is viewed by many as the country's most able politician)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: The Economist (US); 9/25/1999; 700+ words
; ...marks of investment, boosted Saxony's high-tech skills. Today...of the five eastern states, Saxony is by far the most dynamic...confidence and some rays of hope to Saxony's 4.6m buffeted inhabitants...and pensions are still much lower than those in western Germany...
|
|
Saxony battles Brussels in VW subsidy row
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 8/20/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...Germany's success stories, and Saxony the main engine of the former...yuppification. Prices are significantly lower than in the west, the service...demand are nearly complete. Saxony's cultural scene, too, is...question is DM1bn, of which Saxony is prepared to pay DM780m...
|
|
Lower Saxony landfill expansion
Newspaper article from: Haznews; 4/1/1995; 700+ words
; ...authorities, in the north German state of Lower Saxony, have approved plans to construct...issue, p. 20). In 1994, Lower Saxony signed an agreement with the state of Hamburg, under which Lower Saxony can send up to 20,000 tonnes of...
|
|
In search of the right magic. (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)
Magazine article from: The Economist (US); 1/11/1992; 700+ words
; ...Telemann were born in what is now Saxony-Anhalt. Dessau became home...half-timbered houses and (Saxony-Anhalt is always good for...revenue much less. Hitherto, Saxony-Anhalt has kept its borrowing relatively low and Mr Munch has chided eastern...
|
|
Opposition Victory in Lower Saxony Sets Back Kohl
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 3/14/1994; ; 616 words
; ...won a convincing victory in the state of Lower Saxony. The results mark the Union's worst showing in Lower Saxony in 35 years and underscore Kohl's uphill...partners with the Social Democrats in Lower Saxony since 1990. Because no other parties...
|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Platform of Choice for Lower Saxony IT Centre; Lower Saxony Police Force Opts for Vendor-Independence and High Performance on 64-Bit Platform.
Business Wire; 6/28/2005; 700+ words
; ...today announced that the Lower Saxony IT centre (Informatikzentrum...for the police force in Lower Saxony, in Germany. IZN is the main...and communications in Lower Saxony, providing 11,000 employees...mainstream by making high quality, low cost technology accessible...
|
|
BEA Systems and Partners Deliver High-Tech Solution for Tackling Crime; Lower Saxony Police Force Selects BEA WebLogic Platform 8.1 on Linux to Power NIVADIS Police Tracking System.
PR Newswire; 11/6/2003; 700+ words
; ...process among police officers in Lower Saxony (Germany), with the goal...collaborative crime initiatives. Lower Saxony selected BEA WebLogic Platform...officers across all of Lower Saxony, 24 hours a day, can make...needed for this solution at low price points. BEA WebLogic...
|
|
Lower Saxony buys further 500,000 Volkswagen shares for euro90 million (US$139.5 million)
News Wire article from: AP Worldstream; 6/18/2008; 615 words
; The German state of Lower Saxony bought a further 500,000 shares in...gives veto rights to the state of Lower Saxony, which until the purchase held a 20...If they were all to be sold, Lower Saxony's stake would have dropped below 20...
|
|
Lower Saxony buys further 500,000 Volkswagen shares for 90 million (US$139.5 million)
News Wire article from: AP Worldstream; 6/18/2008; 575 words
; The German state of Lower Saxony bought a further 500,000 shares in...gives veto rights to the state of Lower Saxony, which until the purchase held a 20...If they were all to be sold, Lower Saxony's stake would have dropped below 20...
|
|
Lower Saxony reaches deal to stop strikes
Newspaper article from: International Herald Tribune; 3/16/2006; 663 words
; ...sector workers in the state of Lower Saxony reached an agreement with local authorities...strikes will come to an end.Lower Saxony, one of the most populous of the...agreement Wednesday.Strikes in Lower Saxony began Feb. 13. Some parts of Germany...
|
|
Saxony
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...15 centuries. The land of the Saxons , Saxony was in Frankish times roughly the area in...area corresponds in part to the state of Lower Saxony , created after World War II.) The Duchy of Saxony After Charlemagne's conquest (772-804...
|
|
Saxony-Anhalt
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Saxony-Anhalt , Ger. Sachsen-Anhalt, state (1994 pop. 2...It is bordered on the east by Brandenburg, on the west by Lower Saxony, and in the south by Thuringia and Saxony. Besides Magdeburg, major cities include Dessau and Halle...
|
|
Lower Saxony
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Lower Saxony Ger. Niedersachsen , state (1994 pop...Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia on the east; and...and moors form the central belt. Lower Saxony is drained by the Weser, Ems, Aller...
|
|
Albert of Saxony
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
Albert of Saxony ( b . Helmstedt, Lower Saxony, ca . 1316; d . Halberstadt, Saxony, 8 July 1390) physics, logic, mathematics. The family name of Albert of Saxony was de Ricmestrop his father, Bernard de Ricmestorp was a well-to-do...
|
|
Freiesleben, Johann Karl
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...formations of the Zechstein and the Lower Permian Rotliegend, as well...Upper Permian) in Thruingia and Saxony because of its many caverns...Triassic Bunter sandstone of Saxony. Beginning in 1820 Freiesleben...about mineral occurrence in Saxony. Freiesleben himself composed...
|