Inkatha Freedom Party
Inkatha Freedom Party A South African Zulu political organization under the leadership of Chief Mangosuthu
BUTHELEZI. The party was founded as the Inkatha movement by Buthelezi in 1975 to counter the Xhosa-dominated
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (ANC). Unlike the ANC, which sought to overthrow the apartheid system through armed struggle, Inkatha was pledged to represent Zulu interests by working within the
BANTU HOMELAND system established by the White regime. From the early 1980s onwards, increasingly violent clashes took place between supporters of the two groups, resulting in an estimated death toll of over 5000 people. The Inkatha movement became a political party in 1990 and changed its name to the Inkatha Freedom Party. In South Africa's first multiracial elections in 1994, Inkatha initially boycotted the poll but eventually participated. It won 43 seats in the new national assembly and Buthelezi was appointed home affairs minister. Inkatha's standing was damaged in the 1990s by revelations that it had been covertly funded and armed by the security forces in the 1980s, in an attempt to increase ethnic tension and destabilize the ANC.
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Xylem Wall Collapse in Water-Stressed Pine Needles
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 1/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; Wall reinforcement in xylem conduits is thought to prevent wall implosion...pressures, but direct observations of xylem geometry during water stress are still...study, we have analyzed the changes in xylem geometry during water stress in needles...
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The Xylem and Phloem Transcriptomes from Secondary Tissues of the Arabidopsis Root-Hypocotyl1[w]
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 6/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; The growth of secondary xylem and phloem depends on the division of...and the differentiation of secondary xylem and phloem cell types. To begin to identify...genome-wide expression profiling of xylem and phloem-cambium isolated from the...
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Do Xylem Fibers Affect Vessel Cavitation Resistance?1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 9/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...California. We measured cavitation resistance (xylem pressure at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity...pressure potential (P^sub min^), xylem conductive efficiency (specific conductivity...elasticity and modulus of rupture), and xylem density. At the cellular level, we measured...
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Bicarbonate-Induced Alkalinization of the Xylem Sap in Intact Maize Seedlings as Measured in Situ with a Novel Xylem pH Probe1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 11/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; In higher plants the pH of the xylem sap plays an important role in drought...The main reason for this is that the xylem pH in intact plants was not directly accessible...minimally-invasive probe based on the xylem pressure-potential probe (used for measuring...
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Effect of transplanting rootstocks before grafting on xylem exudation and graft success in walnut
Magazine article from: Journal of the American Pomological Society; 10/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...transplanting seedlings before grafting on xylem exudation of seedlings and graft success...seedlings did not affect either the amount of xylem exudate or the graft survival on the earlier date (March 15), hut decreased the xylem exudation and increased graft survival...
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Mass spectrometric identification of isoforms of PR proteins in xylem sap of fungus-infected tomato
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 10/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Identification of Isoforms of PR Proteins in Xylem Sap of Fungus-Infected Tomato1 The protein...content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) xylem sap was found to change dramatically upon...identification of known and novel proteins in xylem sap, and provides insights into plant...
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Xylem Interactive and Creation Chamber Merge to Form Region's Largest Interactive Agency.
Business Wire; 5/1/2007; 700+ words
; New Company, Xylem CCI, Combines the Region's Best Creative...agency in the region was formed today when Xylem Interactive, Inc. and Creation Chamber...their merger. The newly formed company, Xylem CCI, is the largest independent interactive...
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Vulnerability of xylem vessels to cavitation in sugar maple. Scaling from individual vessels to whole branches1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 4/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; The relation between xylem vessel age and vulnerability to cavitation...bordered pit membranes separating individual xylem vessels. We found that the bordered pit...membranes of vessels located in current year xylem could withstand greater applied gas pressures...
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Embolism repair and xylem tension: Do we need a miracle?
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 5/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; Embolism Repair and Xylem Tension: Do We Need a Miracle?' There...pressure makes water transport in the xylem intrinsically vulnerable to cavitation...Milburn, 1982; Tyree and Sperry, 1989). Xylem hydraulic conductivity is often substantially...
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Cavitation fatigue. Embolism and refilling cycles can weaken the cavitation resistance of xylem
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 2/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...cycles weaken the cavitation resistance of xylem. Stem or petiole segments were tested for...the percentage loss of conductivity versus xylem pressure. Two responses were observed. "Resilient" xylem (Acer negundo and Alnus incana stems...
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xylem
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
xylem A tissue that transports water and dissolved...and ferns, the constituent cells of the xylem are called tracheids . In young plants and...shoot and root tips of older plants primary xylem is formed by the apical meristems (see protoxylem...
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secondary xylem
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
secondary xylem ( wood ) In plants in which secondary thickening occurs, xylem derived from the vascular cambium .
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primary xylem
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
primary xylem Xylem tissue that develops from the procambium , protoxylem forming first, followed by metaxylem .
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Wood
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...publicly owned. Also known as secondary xylem, wood is a composite of tissues found in trees. Secondary xylem is composed primarily of cells, called...called tracheids. These cells of secondary xylem, along with specialized cells of a type...
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Vascular Tissues
Book article from: Plant Sciences
...is composed of two different types of tissues: xylem and phloem. Although both xylem and phloem form a continuous tissue system throughout...body, the two tissues have different functions. Xylem is the primary water- and mineral-conducting...
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