Zinoviev, Grigori Yevseevich
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
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2004
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© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
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Zinoviev, Grigori Yevseevich (b. 11 Sept. 1883, d. 25 Aug. 1936). Soviet politician Born Radomyslsky Apfelbaum in Elizavetgrad, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1901 and supported the
Bolshevik faction in 1903, becoming a close supporter of
Lenin. Elected to the party's Central Committee in 1907, he left for Western Europe to support Lenin in matters of
propaganda and party organization. In 1912, together with Lenin he co-opted
Stalin to the Central Committee. With Lenin, he went to Switzerland (1914–17), and back to Petrograd (formerly St Petersburg). He again accompanied him to Finland in July 1917, but opposed his mentor's plans for the October Revolution (
Russian Revolutions, 1917) as premature. He was chairman of the Petrograd Soviet from December 1917. From 1919 until 1926 he was chairman of the external committee of the
Comintern. After Lenin's death, he naturally competed for the Soviet leadership. He sided with Stalin and
Kamenev against
Trotsky, but then tried to oppose the increasingly powerful Stalin and
Bukharin. His desperate alliance with Trotsky and Kamenev against Stalin proved futile, and he was dismissed from all offices in 1926, and expelled from the party in 1927. He was readmitted (1928), re-expelled (1932), and finally readmitted (1933). After the assassination of
Kirov, in 1935 he was arrested, tried in secret for complicity in the murder, and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. In 1936, he was retried and, with Kamenev, became the first prominent victim of the show trials which marked Stalin's
Great Purge.
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The Mesopotamian schools of Edessa and Jundi-Shapur: The roots of modern medical schools
Magazine article from: The American Surgeon; 7/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...schools and their affiliated hospitals in Edessa (present-day Urfa, southern Turkey...history of medicine.3 The School of Edessa: The Rise and The Fall The misery of...founder of the famous Christian school of Edessa in 364 AD. Ephraem, a celebrated teacher...
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Edessa Ramos: She's Fierce
Magazine article from: Filipinas; 11/1/2008; ; 502 words
; ...knowledge about Filipino marnai arts, go to Edessa Ramos. A third-degree black belt in...Amis Federation Philippines (IMAFP). Edessa began her foray into modern arnis 16 years...Mall and I was hooked," she explains. Edessa began her training in 1994. "I diligendy...
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Edessa Hollenbaugh
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 2/1/2008; ; 484 words
; SHELBY -- Edessa Madeliene Hollenbaugh, 90, of Shelby...and Bertha Agnes (Mayer) Robertson. Edessa was a homemaker and her family was the...Rome was their favorite destination. Edessa was well-known in the community for...
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Edessa. (poem)
Magazine article from: America; 9/11/1993; ; 437 words
; ...that of the letter Jesus wrote To Abgar, Edessa's ailing king, Promising him a wonder...Strangely the promise was fulfilled When to Edessa the linen shroud By Addai was from Thomas...they say, of Thomas at peace Sleeps in Edessa, near the mosque laid Of Abraham, or...
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Stewards of the Poor: The Man of God, Rabbula, and Hiba in Fifth-Century Edessa
Magazine article from: The Catholic Historical Review; 7/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Rabbula, and Hiba in Fifth-Century Edessa. Translations and introductions by Robert...and theological value for understanding Edessa, a strategic city in the Syriac part...regarding the religious governance of Edessa and their estimation of Theodore of Mopsuestia...
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EDESSA, Bereket.(Sound Recording Review)
Magazine article from: Sing Out!; 3/22/2006; ; 376 words
; EDESSA, Bereket, (Edessa). This California band covers the gamut of Balkan music with aplomb, playing traditional music with a raw excitement. The five-piece is heavily augmented with guests, providing a very full sound. The band fully...
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The Image of Edessa.(Brief article)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 11/1/2009; 567 words
; 9789004171749 The Image of Edessa. Guscin, Mark. BRILL 2009 226 pages $147.00 Hardcover The medieval...Mediterranean; v.82 BT587 The image of the face of Jesus kept at Edessa was considered a major relic by the Eastern Church. Born in legend...
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Erratum: The Mesopotamian Schools of Edessa and Jundi-Shapur: The Roots of Modern Medical Schools
Magazine article from: The American Surgeon; 2/1/2004; ; 318 words
; SAMIR JOHNA, M.D., FACS From the Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, and Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California [Article in The American Surgeon, 2003;69(7);627-630. 1. Page 629, left column, paragraph 3, line 15: The word "Prophet" is inserted by mistake.
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From warriors to guardians: The Assyrians and their role in the history of medicine
Magazine article from: The American Surgeon; 10/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Mesopotamia. One of them was Osrhoene with "Edessa" being the capital. During his reign...letter to Jesus asking him to come to Edessa and cure him, the king, of a fatal disease...this miracle and his preaching converted Edessa to Christianity in 32 AD, and he built...
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Olympic flame immersed in historic sites in fourth day relay
News Wire article from: Xinhua News Agency; 3/27/2008; 700+ words
; ...The flame visited Naoussa, Skidra, Edessa, Giannitsa, Ancient Pella and Thessaloniki...30. The flame entered the ancient town Edessa in drizzle, but the enthusiasm was not...2004 Athens Summer Games. The mayor of Edessa Sonoras Ioannis was so proud to have the...
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Edessa
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Edessa , ancient city of Mesopotamia, on the site...Orrhoe, or Arrhoe, and was later named Edessa by Seleucus I of Syria. From c.137 BC...Emperor Valerian and took him prisoner. Edessa was a center of Christianity by the 3d cent...
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Jacob of Edessa
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
Jacob of Edessa ( c. 640–708), Syrian Orthodox scholar. In 684 he became Bp. of Edessa , but withdrew from his see in under five years. He knew some Hebrew as well as Greek, and produced a revision of some Books of the Peshitta...
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James of Edessa
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
James of Edessa, James of Nisibis , James of Sarug . See JACOB OF EDESSA , etc.
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Syriacs
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Cultures
...over a millennium as the vernacular at Edessa (present-day Urfa, in southern Turkey...x16B; la near Damascus. Bardesanes of Edessa is credited with founding Syriac literature...most renowned form was the dialect of Edessa, which eventually was adopted as the...
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Baldwin I
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...1097) Tarsus from him. He wrested (1097) Edessa from the Muslims and as count of Edessa defended the city until elected ruler of Jerusalem...Palestine. He helped the Latin rulers of Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli against the Muslims and fought...
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