Sèvres, Treaty of
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
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2004
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© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
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Sèvres, Treaty of (10 Aug. 1920) A peace treaty after World War I, negotiated as part of the
Paris Peace Conferences and signed between the Allies and the
Ottoman Empire. Adrianople (Edirne), Eastern Thrace, and Smyrna (Izmir) were ceded to Greece. Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands were passed on to Italy. A short-lived independent Republic of
Armenia was created, while
Kurdistan gained autonomy. The Ottoman Empire lost all of its Arab possessions: Syria became a French
League of Nations Mandate, while Iraq,
Palestine, and Transjordan (
Jordan) became British Mandates. The Bosphorus and
Dardanelles were demilitarized and placed under international control, while the Ottoman army was restricted to a strength of 50,000 men. The treaty incensed Turkish nationalist opinion and united it around Mustafa Kemal (
Atatürk). It was never ratified by the Ottoman Parliament. Kemal reclaimed Smyrna from Greece in a successful military campaign in 1922, which led to the treaty's replacement by the Treaty of
Lausanne in 1923.
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