SS
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
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2004
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© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
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SS (Schutzstaffel) (Germany) Founded in 1925 as the internal police of the
SA and the
Nazi Party, it became an independent organization following the Röhm Putsch in 1934, under its leader,
Himmler. It developed an internal security service (the
Sicherheitsdienst) under
Heydrich, which from 1936 was responsible for uncovering opposition within the German population. During World War II, it formed an SS task force (
Einsatzgruppen), which killed hundreds of thousands of Jews and Eastern Europeans in the occupied territories. In 1933, the Order of the Skull (
Totenkopfverbände) was formed, which supervised the
concentration camps. In 1939, it formed the nucleus of the
Waffen-SS, which recruited an increasing number of voluntary members as well as conscripts as it grew from 100,000 to 900,000 men. Many of these (particularly the conscripts) fought as regular troops, but a large number also committed atrocities, while some went to reinforce the concentration-camp guards. Given the administrative confusion in Nazi Germany, which was heightened to near-chaos in the eastern occupied territories, it was its simple command structure which made the SS so effective. Responsible only to Himmler and then to Hitler, the organization effectively stood above the law.
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Interview: Matthew Chapman talks about the theory of his great-great-grandfather, Charles Darwin
Transcript from: NPR Special; 5/11/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...you were a kid because Charles Darwin was your great-great-grandfather...great-grandfather was Charles Darwin, you know, a pretty smart guy. My great-grandfather was Sir Francis Darwin, who was a relatively good biologist...
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 "Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO)")
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GOOD STOCK DOESN'T MEAN GOOD BOOK, IN DARWIN PROGENY'S CASE.(Spotlight)(Review)
Newspaper article from: Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO); 10/27/2001; 700+ words
; Byline: Patti Thorn Charles Darwin's great-great-grandson is...since. ``First there was Charles Darwin, two yards long and nobody's...son, my great-grandfather, Sir Francis Darwin, an eminent botanist. Then came...
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Going Ape over Darwin: Mark Bryant on cartoons of the man who shook Victorian society to the core.(CARTOON TIMES)(Charles Darwin)
Magazine article from: History Today; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Charles Darwin was a gift to Victorian...poet and physician Erasmus Darwin, and a relation of both...famous pottery firm) and Sir Francis Galton (founder of eugenics), Charles Darwin had been intended for the...
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Unnerved by ancestral voices
Magazine article from: The Spectator; 11/25/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...the link with Darwin. And when Darwin called his second book The Descent...progeny: First there was Charles Darwin, two yards long and nobody's...son, my great-grandfather, Sir Francis Darwin, an eminent botanist. Then came...
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Pearls of wisdom.(Editor's Note)
Magazine article from: Entrepreneur; 11/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...expect new evils; for time is the greatest innovator." FRANCIS BACON "... the credit goes to the man who convinces...world, not to the man to whom the idea first occurs." SIR FRANCIS DARWIN "You see things, and you say, 'Why?' But I dream...
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Persuading powerfully: Tips for writing persuasive documents
Magazine article from: et Cetera; 4/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...the content we convey. Unquestionably, our reader interest hangs in the balance. 1. Create powerful openings Sir Francis Darwin, son of the famous biologist, said, "The credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man to whom...
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A name to conjure with.(AGM 2008: Chicago)(Essay)
Magazine article from: Persuasions: The Jane Austen Journal; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...Victorian period, vaunting one's repeated re-readings of the novels has been the very touchstone of Janeism. Sir Francis Darwin brags that Macaulay himself could not have endured to read her as often as I have (65-66). Reporting that Disraeli...
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Ultimate therapy: commercial eugenics in the 21st century.(a prescription for the world: INTERNATIONAL HEALTH)
Magazine article from: Harvard International Review; 3/22/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...the defining social dynamic of the new century. Friendly Eugenics The term "eugenics" was conceived by Sir Francis Galton, Charles Darwin's cousin, in the 19th century and is generally divided along two lines. Negative eugenics involves the...
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Who Will Decide Between Defect and Perfect?
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 4/19/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...of the event, was any mention of the word "eugenics." That term -- conceived in the 19th century by Sir Francis Galton, Charles Darwin's cousin -- is generally divided along two lines. Negative eugenics involves the systematic elimination...
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Creating the `perfect' human
Newspaper article from: Chicago Sun-Times; 5/5/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...from the discussion was any mention of the word "eugenics." That term - conceived in the 19th century by Sir Francis Galton, Charles Darwin's cousin - generally is divided along two lines. Negative eugenics involves the systematic elimination...
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Sir Francis Darwin
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Sir Francis Darwin 1848-1925, English botanist, assistant to his father, Charles Robert Darwin . He lectured in botany at Cambridge and...edited the Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887) and was knighted in 1913.
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Galton, Francis
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Galton, Francis 1822-1911 Cousin to Charles Darwin and a talented statistician, Sir Francis Galton had an influence on social science that...classical economics (Galton 1907, p. 207). Darwin ’ s endorsement (Darwin 1871, pp...
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Paley, William
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...As an undergraduate at Cambridge, Charles Darwin read much of Paley ’ s writings...by the long line of argumentation [ Charles Darwin ’ s Autobiography, Sir Francis Darwin, ed. (New York, 1961), 34 –...
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Sir Francis Galton
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Sir Francis Galton , 1822-1911, English scientist, founder of eugenics; cousin of Charles Darwin . He turned from exploration and meteorology (where he introduced the theory of the anticyclone ) to the study of heredity and...
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The Decline of the Eugenics Movement
Book article from: American Decades
...MOVEMENT The Origins of Modern Eugenics The modern idea of eugenics originated in England in 1883 with Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin who helped found a British society to study eugenics. A sister organization to the British group...
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