Patriotic Front
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
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2004
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© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
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Patriotic Front (PF) (Zimbabwe) A fragile coalition created in 1976 to unite the Zimbabwe African National Union (
ZANU), dominated by the Mashona people, and the Zimbabwean African People's Union (
ZAPU), composed largely of the Matabele people, in the struggle against Ian
Smith's racist regime. It won the 1980 elections leading up to independence with a landslide victory, whereupon
Mugabe (ZANU) became Prime Minster, and
Nkomo (ZAPU) his deputy. Increasing rifts led to the forced marginalization of the ZAPU, with Nkomo briefly going into exile. In late 1987, both leaders were reconciled and the ZANU-PF created, with a view to establishing a one-party state.
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WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
News Wire article from: United Press International; 10/6/2004; 700+ words
; ...Alfred Nobel. 2004 -- Aaron Ciechanover, Israel...Polanyl, Canada. 1985 -- Herbert A. Hauptman, United States; Jerome...United States. 1982 -- Aaron Klug, United Kingdom...United Kingdom. 1979 -- Herbert C. Brown, United States...
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Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
News Wire article from: United Press International; 10/8/2003; 700+ words
; ...C. Polanyl, Canada. 1985 -- Herbert A. Hauptman, United States; Jerome Karle...Taube, United States. 1982 -- Aaron Klug, United Kingdom. 1981...Sanger, United Kingdom. 1979 -- Herbert C. Brown, United States; Georg...
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List of recent Nobel Prize in chemistry winners
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/8/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...exploration of metathesis. _ 2004: Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko...reactions take place. _ 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle, United States...batteries and fuel cells. _ 1982: Aaron Klug, Britain, for work on the...
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Recent winners of the Nobel Prize in chemistry
News Wire article from: AP Worldstream; 10/5/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Nobel Foundation: ___ _ 2004: Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko...reactions take place. _ 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle, United States...batteries and fuel cells. _ 1982: Aaron Klug, Britain, for work on the...
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Recent Winners of Nobel Chemistry Prize
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/5/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...exploration of metathesis. _ 2004: Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko...reactions take place. _ 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle, United States...batteries and fuel cells. _ 1982: Aaron Klug, Britain, for work on the...
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List of Nobel Prize in Chemistry Winners
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/4/2006; 700+ words
; ...exploration of metathesis. - 2004: Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko...reactions take place. - 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle, United States...batteries and fuel cells. - 1982: Aaron Klug, Britain, for work on the...
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureates.
News Wire article from: United Press International; 10/9/2002; 700+ words
; ...C. Polanyl, Canada. 1985 -- Herbert A. Hauptman, United States; Jerome Karle...Taube, United States. 1982 -- Aaron Klug, United Kingdom. 1981...Sanger, United Kingdom. 1979 -- Herbert C. Brown, United States; Georg...
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Recent Nobel winners in chemistry
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/13/1998; ; 670 words
; ...chemical reactions take place. 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle of the United...batteries and fuel cells. 1982: Aaron Klug of Britain for work on the...sequences in nucleic acids. 1979: Herbert C. Brown of the United States...
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NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY LAUREATES
News Wire article from: United Press International; 10/9/2002; 700+ words
; ...C. Polanyl, Canada. 1985 -- Herbert A. Hauptman, United States; Jerome Karle...Taube, United States. 1982 -- Aaron Klug, United Kingdom. 1981...Sanger, United Kingdom. 1979 -- Herbert C. Brown, United States; Georg...
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Recent Nobel Winners in Chemistry
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/10/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...chemical reactions take place. 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle, United States...batteries and fuel cells. 1982: Aaron Klug, Britain, for work on the...sequences in nucleic acids. 1979: Herbert C. Brown, United States, and...
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Herbert Aaron Hauptman
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Herbert Aaron Hauptman , 1917-, American chemist, b. New York City, grad. City College...S., 1937) and Univ. of Maryland (Ph.D., 1955). In 1985, Hauptman and former undergraduate classmate Jerome Karle were awarded the Nobel...
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Hauptman, Herbert A. (1917- )
Book article from: World of Earth Science
...and it was only in 1985 that Hauptman and Karle were jointly awarded...chemistry for their accomplishment. Hauptman and Karle developed a complex...structure of the mineral colemanite. Herbert Aaron Hauptman was born in New York City on February...
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