Intergovernmental Conference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
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2004
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© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
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Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) A conference of government representatives of the member states of the EU. It is convened to deliberate on amendments to the Treaty of
Rome. There is no time limit to IGCs, but they usually take between one and two years in order to reach a viable consensus, since every change to the Treaty of Rome can only come into effect if agreed by consensus and ratified by every member state. The most important IGCs since the Treaty of Rome prepared the
Single European Act (1985–6), the
Maastricht Treaty (1991–2), the Treaty of
Amsterdam (1996–7), and the Treaty of
Nice (1999–2000). A fifth IGC in 2003 failed to adopt the Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe proposed by the European
Constitutional Convention.
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 "Herald Express (Torquay UK)")
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How I heard of D-Day plan - from monty himself
Newspaper article from: Herald Express (Torquay UK); 3/31/2009; 700+ words
; ...with the aim of destroying the German battleship Tirpitz. Tirpitz was a prestigious craft, the sister-ship of Bismarck, named after Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. Many attacks were made on Tirpitz, taking her...
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Kiao-chau.
Magazine article from: The American Journal of Economics and Sociology; 12/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...of the navy secretary, Alfred von Tirpitz (later to become grand...latter in low esteem. Tirpitz was sympathetic to progressive...these was Admiral Otto von Diederichs, whose forces...governor. Diederichs and Tirpitz were determined that land...
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Basing policy on an illusion; The relationship between capitalism and war.(OPED)
Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 7/12/2002; 700+ words
; ...them the American naval thinker Alfred Thayer Mahan, whose book, "The...panic." In 1908, German Adm. Alfred von Tirpitz set forth a plan to lay down four...to the Royal Navy by 1913. The Tirpitz plan became public just as a frugal...
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The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare: The Triumph of the West
Magazine article from: Naval War College Review; 7/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...seas remained unchallenged until Alfred von Tirpitz's construction of the German...before World War I. However, Tirpitz's greatest mistake, states Murray...s own trade routes. Nor did Tirpitz ever devise a plan for how he would...
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MEN OF WAR HOW BRITISH AND GERMAN ADMIRALS FOUGHT FOR COMMAND OF THE SEA DURING WORLD WAR 1
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 11/23/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...course of history. US Navy captain Alfred Thayer Mahan's "The Influence...and his Navy secretary, Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. Wilhelm wanted a great fleet...Kaiser Wilhelm II, Grand Admiral Tirpitz, Lord John Fisher, John Jellicoe...
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How WWI was waged at sea deck.(BOOKS)
Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 3/14/2004; 700+ words
; ...Jacky" Fisher; and of Germany's ambitious Adm. Alfred von Tirpitz make for a riveting narrative. With "Castles of Steel...more heavily armored. The Kaiser's navy reflected von Tirpitz's conviction that "the supreme quality of a ship...
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Arms control and the Anglo-German naval race before World War I: lessons for today?
Magazine article from: Political Science Quarterly; 6/22/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...fleet. From the very first navy law in 1898, Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, Germany's navy secretary and the principal architect...German battle fleet. Without resort to general war, Tirpitz wanted to engineer a major power transition in world...
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Whilhelm II, Volume 2: Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941. (book reviews)
Magazine article from: History: Review of New Books; 3/22/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...twenty-four years. Georg Michaelis and George von Herding, the last two imperial chancellors...whole row of second tier bureaucrats such as Alfred von Tirpitz, Rudolf von Valentini, and Alfred von Kiderlen-Waechter. All of this work has...
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HITLER'S GRAND ADMIRAL: Erich Raeder
Magazine article from: Sea Classics; 12/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...who later commanded the Emden; von Schonberg, who was to die with his...and the third reviewer - Prof. von Halle - dealt with economic questions...the National Navy Office, Adm. Alfred von Tirpitz, to whom they reported directly...
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On the Brink of War
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 2/1/1999; 571 words
; ...the State Department here by Count von Bernstorff. Thus begins the long...conceived by {Field Marshal Paul}Von Hindenburg, it is said here, on...never even contemplated by {Admiral Alfred} Von Tirpitz. Again, the United States faces...
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Alfred von Tirpitz
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Alfred von Tirpitz Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930) was secretary of the navy during the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany. Ruthless and determined, he argued repeatedly for the build-up of the navy. By the outbreak of World War I, his...
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Tirpitz, Alfred von
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
Tirpitz, Alfred von (1849–1930) German admiral. Tirpitz was chiefly responsible for the build-up of the German navy before World War I. Frustrated by government cut-backs and restrictions on submarine warfare, he resigned in...
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Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...3 years of World War I. Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg was the son of a...1909, after the fall of Bernhard von B ü low, he became imperial...was overruled, however, by Adm. Alfred von Tirpitz and the navy, which pushed through...
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Wolfgang Kapp
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...the moderate chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg and the Reichstag...In September 1917, with Adm. Alfred von Tirpitz and others, he founded the ultranationalist...army group commander Gen. Walther von L ü ttwitz, he staged the...
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