Indo-Pakistan Wars

Indo-Pakistan Wars A series of conflicts which erupted out of the tense relations between India and Pakistan that followed their acrimonious separation in 1947. In 1947–9, there were military clashes, mainly as an outflow of the communal violence between Hindus and Muslims in both countries. The most important dispute arose around the states of Hyderabad and Kashmir. Despite Pakistan's support of the Muslim prince in this Hindu state, Hyderabad joined the Union of India in 1948. Conflict over the case of Kashmir, situated between India and Pakistan, with a Muslim population and a Hindu ruler, led to its eventual partition. The second Indo-Pakistan War occurred on 6–23 September 1965, again over Kashmir. It was precipitated by Pakistan, but ended in stalemate, and was resolved by the Tashkent Agreement of January 1966. The third Indo-Pakistan war occurred in 1970–1, when the Indian army successfully intervened in East Pakistan to help the independence movement there in its fight against the regular army of (West) Pakistan. Thereafter, the greater military sophistication of both armies, as well as the development of nuclear weapons on both sides, has drastically reduced the feasibility of short, sharp confrontations. Thus, no further wars between the countries followed, though this was not matched by an improvement in the relations.