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Enabling Act

A Dictionary of Contemporary World History | 2004 | | © A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Enabling Act (Ermächtigungsgesetz) (23 Mar. 1933) A law which according to the constitution of the German Weimar Republic enabled the government to rule by decree without parliamentary consent in cases of emergency. It had to be passed by a two-thirds majority in Parliament, with at least two-thirds of all MPs voting. The law was used in 1923 to overcome the country's hyperinflation and cope with the occupation of the Ruhr, but more significantly it became the legal foundation of Hitler's assumption of dictatorial powers during the Third Reich. Following his failure to secure an absolute majority in the elections of 5 March 1933, he persuaded most of the other parties to vote for an enabling law by giving them the hope that they might be able to have influence after its execution. Apart from the Communist Party (KPD), which had already been outlawed, only the SPD voted against the measure. To keep the appearance of legality, the Act was renewed in 1937, 1939, and 1943.

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