Communism
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
|
2004
|
|
© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
Copyright
Communism A political ideology which aims for an ideal society characterized by common ownership and communal life. Despite earlier theories about such a society, Communism was first developed into a consistent and comprehensive ideology by Karl Marx (b. 1818, d. 1883) and Friedrich Engels (b. 1820, d. 1895). They sought to describe how current industrial societies would inevitably overcome
capitalism through revolution to create a classless society, in which there would exist no private property, and where services were rendered ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his need’. Through followers such as
Lenin,
Stalin,
Mao, and
Tito, Communism became the dominant ideology of Eastern European countries (1945–89), the USSR, China, and various states in Africa and Latin America. While each of these leaders based their Communism on Marx's vision of revolution and a classless society, they developed individual ideological variants of Communism to adapt
Marxism to the society and economy within which they operated.
Communist Parties;
Maoism;
Marxism-Leninism;
Stalinism;
Trotskyism;
Gramsci
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
CHURCH-STATE CONFLICTS ON THE RISE BANNERS, USE OF SCHOOLS AT ISSUE COMMUNITIES EYE CHURCH-STATE CONFLICTS MANSFIELD
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 9/6/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...the First Amendment gives the church the right to place a banner...violate separation of church and state. "We believe it is a freedom...tax dollars." Church and state conflicts have flared in several...the First Amendment, which states in part, "Congress shall...religious ...
|
|
Changes raise church-state questions. (more social services are passing from the state to the church as Congress restructures welfare programs)
Magazine article from: National Catholic Reporter; 12/29/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...separation of church and state. Catholic Charities...support. The Catholic Church's partnership with...to make the Catholic church abandon its values to...perception that their churches are merely quasi-social...bill, that would allow states to contract directly...for the Separation ...
|
|
Church-State Relations and the Legal Status of Religious Communities in Slovenia
Magazine article from: Brigham Young University Law Review; 1/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...doctrines defining the contours of the church-state relationship are still developing...many respects, the trends of church-state relations generally in Slovenia...Roman Catholic Church was the state church for centuries.2 By the end of...
|
|
Church-state separation Swedish-style.
Magazine article from: West European Politics; 1/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...and the Methodist-Episcopal Church - alongside the Church of Sweden was officially acknowledged. Members of other churches were known as 'confessors...but the right to leave the Church of Sweden was only available...proved significant for church-state relations. Prior to that date...
|
|
Venezuela church-state clash grows.(WORLD)
Newspaper article from: The Christian Science Monitor; 7/24/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...The fledgling Reformist Catholic Church of Venezuela describes itself as having...for the poor. But the Roman Catholic Church here dismisses the new offshoot as a...the needs of the poor, more breakaway churches like this one in Venezuela are cropping...Latin America." The Reformist Catholic ...
|
|
Church, state should serve different masters.(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: The Masthead; 12/22/1999; 700+ words
; ...had to worry about his church's 501(c)3 tax...t so lucky. Many churches now have separate nonprofit...have their way, the church's government-agency...partnership between church and state as part of their campaigns...institutions -- the church and the state. Gore...reform law ...
|
|
|
Church-state tensions ease; Cubans fill pews. (Catholic church)
Magazine article from: National Catholic Reporter; 6/28/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...wife suddenly started going to church, he respects her decision. In many ways, this couple reflects church-state relations in Cuba. Both sides...record. Cespedes said that while church-state relations remain complicated...
|
 "Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO)")
|
SWEDEN SPLITS CHURCH, STATE\IMMIGRANTS' RELIGIONS, APATHY FORCE SEPARATION AFTER FOUR CENTURIES.(NEWS/NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL)
Newspaper article from: Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO); 1/7/1996; 700+ words
; ...Each Sunday, church bells peal from idyllic churches across Sweden. Magnificent...the separation of church and state in Sweden after four...Lutheran Evangelical Church of Sweden, one of...oldest remaining state churches. By 2000, local...
|
|
Church, State and Society in Kenya: From Mediation to Opposition, 1963-1993.(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Church and State; 9/22/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...church did not confront the state because of the following reasons...political opposition, emergence of church leaders trained in political...religion in Third World politics, state and societal relations in Africa, and the role of the churches in politics and civil society...activities of ...
|
|
Church, state, and Catholic ethics: the Kenyan dilemma.(Essay)
Magazine article from: Theological Studies; 3/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...characterize the relationship of church, state, and Catholic ethics in Africa...second assesses the role of churches in the public sphere. (3...somewhat checkered evolution of church-state relationship. The...assumed position envisaged the churches cooperating with the state...
|
|
Church and State, Separation of
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to United States History
Church and State, Separation of. The separation of church and state in the United States is a constantly...disestablishment of established churches in the new states during the era of...separation of church and state is a means of protecting...
|
|
Church and State
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Church and State Relations between the sacred and the...the relationship between church and state in the United States have frequently animated American...applied these provisions to the acts of state governments. The incorporation of...
|
|
Americans United For the Separation of Church and State
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
...United For the Separation of Church and State In 1947 a group of political...Americans United for Separation of Church and State. Known today simply...principle of separation of church and state is a cornerstone...individuals as well as 3,000 churches and religious groups. ...
|
|
|
Separation of Church and State
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to United States History
Separation of Church and State. See Church and State, Separation of .
|
|
Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
Episcopal Church in the United States of America. The Church in the United States of America in communion with the see of Canterbury . Previously called the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, it adopted the new title...
|
