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Calles, Plutarcho Eliás

A Dictionary of Contemporary World History | 2004 | 700+ words | Copyright

Calles, Plutarcho Eliás (b. 25 Sept. 1877, d. 19 Oct. 1945). President of Mexico 1924–8 An elementary school master from Sonora, he rose through the ranks of the army, supporting first Madero and then Carranza, and became governor of his home state in 1917. As Obregón's successor to the presidency, he succeeded in putting the new political system on a more solid footing. Most importantly, he quelled the Cristeros (Christers) Revolt, an alliance of traditional elites, committed to the old economic system under Díaz, and Roman Catholic opponents to the new secular state. After leaving office he remained the predominant figure in Mexican politics, and in 1929 sought to unite and confirm the new political establishment through the creation of the National Revolutionary Party (PNR), which later became the PRI. In 1935 the new President, Cárdenas, refused to accept Calles's dominance and sent him into exile. He was allowed to return from the USA in 1941.

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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Calles, Plutarcho Eliás." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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