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Brest
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
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2004
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© A Dictionary of Contemporary World History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information)
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Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (3 Mar. 1918) The first peace treaty of World War I, concluded between Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Russia. Although first proposed in December 1917,
Trotsky skilfully prolonged discussions in the hope of
Allied help, or of a socialist uprising by German and Austrian industrial workers. Neither happened and the German army resumed its advance.
Lenin finally ordered his delegates to accept the German terms, which were now even tougher than before. In return for peace on the Eastern Front, Russia lost Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, west Belorussia (
Belarus), Poland, the
Ukraine, and parts of the Caucasus. It thus lost almost half of its European territories, with around 75 per cent of its heavy industries. Russia was also obliged to pay 6 billion gold marks in
reparations. The treaty was annulled by the Allies on 11 November 1918, after the German defeat. Nevertheless, Russia only managed to reclaim the Ukraine and its Asian territories after the
Russian Civil War.
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Brest provided cars to other North Shore politicians
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 2/26/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...auto dealership went into bankruptcy, Bob Brest provided a free car to the Lynn mayor...There was no secret that the car came from Brest: the driver's door had his dealership's name emblazoned on the side. "Bob Brest loved to show the people of Lynn that he...
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Brest is said to seek a deal Talks reported in Mavroules case
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 3/25/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...Attorneys for bankrupt Lynn car dealer Bob Brest are negotiating with federal prosecutors...attempt to lessen criminal sanctions that Brest may face for providing the free use of...other North Shore officials. But while Brest's lawyer, Brackett Denniston 3d of Boston...
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Kerry leased cars from Brest, did not pay for 16 months
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 9/26/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...and 1984, leased cars from North Shore Buick dealer Bob Brest but made no payments for 16 months, according to an official...accepting illegal gratuities for the free use of cars from Brest. Brest also provided free cars to several other politicians...
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US may drop case against Brest Attorneys reluctant to break agreement
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 9/25/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...probation for former Lynn auto dealer Robert Brest, who admitted to providing Mavroules with...William G. Young said the seriousness of Brest's crime warranted a sentence of six months...years' probation and a $10,000 fine. Brest, 68, of Swampscott, had already pleaded...
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Brest got a deal on Lynn land Mavroules car donor bought plot at cut rate
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 2/28/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...report. Bankrupt Lynn automobile dealer Bob Brest, a key figure in a federal grand jury...rates, according to municipal records. Brest received the parcel in December 1985...abandon Hersey Street, a road that abutted Brest's mammoth dealership. The council split...
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CLASS SUIT CLAIMS BREST TAMPERED WITH ODOMETERS
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 3/23/1990; ; 700+ words
; ...bought a used 1984 Buick Regal from Bob Brest Buick Inc., in Lynn. She paid $7...is one of 52 customers charging the Bob Brest auto dealerships with illegally setting...Inc., of Lynn, a subsidiary of the Bob Brest auto dealership. Brest called the allegations...
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Brest charged over Mavroules' cars
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 11/14/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...attorney's office yesterday charged Robert Brest, a former North Shore auto dealer, with...alleges that from July 1986 to November 1988 Brest offered Mavroules a 1986 Buick Park Avenue...courthouse. The filing of a charge against Brest, 67, is a precursor to making public...
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Judge derails deal for Brest Role in Mavroules case said to merit jail time
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 3/13/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...should spend some time in jail. Robert Brest, the former North Shore car dealer, was...say that under sentencing guidelines, Brest would receive a prison sentence of 12 to...unacceptable to him. Young is assigned the Brest case and will ultimately sentence the 67...
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Tribute: in honor of Paul Brest.(former dean of Stanford Law School)
Magazine article from: Stanford Law Review; 1/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; In Honor of Paul Brest He was the consummate dean. Not just because...though there was that in abundance. Paul Brest brought something quite unique and special...intensive faculty deliberations, Dean Brest set out to discern the contours of that...
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Flybe announces new routes to Brest and Cherbourg; Further expansion into France high on Flybe.`s agenda.
M2 Presswire; 9/30/2004; 699 words
; ...FlyBE: Flybe announces new routes to Brest and Cherbourg; Further expansion into France...launch of two new routes from Southampton to Brest and Cherbourg. Flybe. is also announcing new routes to Brest from Exeter International Airport and Birmingham...
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Brest
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Brest , formerly Brest-Litovsk , Pol. Brześć nad Bugiem, city (1989 pop. 258,016), capital of Brest region, W Belarus, at the confluence of the Western Bug and Mukhavets...
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Brest-Litovsk Peace
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History
BREST-LITOVSK PEACE The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Soviet Russian and Imperial Russia, signed...I. In the brief eight months of its existence, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was labeled an obscene, shameful, and dictated peace...
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Union of Brest (1596)
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
UNION OF BREST (1596) UNION OF BREST (1596). The Union of Brest (Berestia) constituted the adherence of a major part of the hierarchy and part of the clergy and faithful of the Kyiv metropolitan see to the Church of Rome and its dogmas on...
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk , separate peace treaty in World War I, signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest , Belarus). After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long...
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Brest-Litovsk, Union of
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
Brest-Litovsk, Union of, now often called the Union of Brest. The union concluded in 1596 between the Ukrainian (or Ruthenian) and the RC Churches.
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