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Montgomery, Bernard

A Dictionary of British History | 2004 | | © A Dictionary of British History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Montgomery, Bernard (1887–1979). General and then field marshal August 1944), Montgomery was the most controversial general of the Second World War. Arrogant, confident, and self‐centred, he did not endear himself to equals or superiors, but ‘Monty’ won the confidence of subordinates and ordinary soldiers. He rose to fame as commander‐in‐chief, 8th Army, in north Africa in 1942. With stronger forces and unequalled knowledge of his enemy's weaknesses, he directed the victory of El Alamein, forcing Italian and German withdrawal back to Tunisia. The climax of his career was the command of ground forces in the attack on Normandy in 1944 until September. He aroused controversy after D‐Day when his progress in capturing Caen was thought perilously slow. He showed high qualities in making cautious, ‘balanced’ provision for the unexpected: he claimed, however, that for him nothing was unexpected.

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