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Irish Free State

A Dictionary of British History | 2004 | | Â© A Dictionary of British History 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Irish Free State, 1922–48. The state was formed by the Anglo‐Irish treaty of December 1921, which granted dominion status, with defence safeguards, to 26 counties of the south and west of Ireland. Its first months, December 1922–April 1923, saw the completion of a bitter civil war. The tactics used by the Free State government, especially executions, ensured long‐term acrimony. Thereafter the Free State proved remarkably stable, thanks to an overwhelmingly catholic agrarian population and the exclusion of the north‐eastern counties. Both Cumann na nGaedheal (1922–32) and Fianna Fail (from 1932) governments adopted protectionist economic policies and catholic hierarchy‐approved social policies. de Valera's government of the 1930s successfully widened the treaty settlement by abolishing the oath to the crown and removing the governor‐general. The constitution of 1937 established a virtual republic and independence in international affairs was confirmed by neutrality during the Second World War. A republic was finally declared by the coalition government at a press conference in Ottawa in September 1948.

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JOHN CANNON. "Irish Free State." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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	Only time will tell how this first round rates; THE FIRST THREE ROUNDS 1997 NFL DRAFT SELECTIONS FIRST ROUND 1. St. Louis (from New York Jets), Orlando Pace, t, Ohio State; 2. Oakland (from New Orleans), Darrell Russell, dt, Southern California; 3. Seattle (from Atlanta), Shawn Springs, cb, Ohio State; 4. Baltimore, Peter Boulware, de, Florida State; 5. Detroit, Bryant Westbrook, db, Texas. 6. Seattle (from New York Jets through St. Louis and Tampa Bay), Walter Jones, t, Florida St; 7. New York Giants, Ike Hilliard, wr, Florida; 8. New York Jets (from Tampa Bay), James Farrior, lb, Virginia; 9. Arizona, Tom Knight, db, Iowa; 10. New Orleans (from Oakland), Chris Naeole, g, Colorado. 11. Atlanta (from Chicago through Seattle), Michael Booker, db, Nebraska; 12. Tampa Bay (from Seattle), Warrick Dunn, rb, Florida State; 13. Kansas City (from Houston), Tony Gonzalez, te, California; 14. Cincinnati, Reinard Wilson, lb, Florida State; 15. Miami, Yatil Green, wr, Miami. 16. 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Tampa Bay, Jerry Wunsch, t, Wisconsin; 38. Chicago (from St. Louis), John Allred, te, Southern California; 39. New Orleans (from Oakland), Jared Tomich, de, Nebraska; 40. St. Louis (from Chicago), Dexter McCleon, db, Clemson. 41. Atlanta (from Seattle), Bryan Hanspard, rb, Texas Tech; 42. Arizona, Jake Plummer, qb, Arizona State; 43. Cincinnati, Corey Dillon, rb, Washington; 44. Miami, Sam Madison, db, Louisville; 45. San Diego, Freddie Jones, te, North Carolina. 46. Houston, Joey Kent, wr, Tennessee; 47. Kansas City, Kevin Lockett, wr, Kansas State; 48. Indianapolis, Adam Meadows, t, Georgia; 49. Minnesota, Torrian Gray, db, Virginia Tech; 50. Jacksonville, Mike Logan, db, West Virginia. 51. Washington, Greg Jones, lb, Colorado; 52. Buffalo, Marcellus Wiley, de, Columbia; 53. Pittsburgh, Will Blackwell, wr, San Diego State; 54. Detroit (from Dallas), Kevin Abrams, db, Syracuse; 55. San Francisco (from Philadelphia), Marc Edwards, fb, Notre Dame. 56. 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	JOURNAL SENTINEL ALL-STATE GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM Player of the year Paulus is special La Crosse Central star's all-around talent makes her tough on court; The First Team Carrie Dykstra Waupun Dykstra, a 6-foot senior, is strong enough to finish her shots inside and smooth enough to be effective on the perimeter. While there might be other players faster and quicker, she is a deceptively good athlete with good body control. She is one of those players who lets the game come to her. Dykstra scored 506 points in 26 games, a 19.5 average, as Waupun shared the Little Ten Conference title and reached the WIAA Division 2 state semifinals. She shot 55.1% from two-point range, 42.5% from three-point range and 80.3% from the free-throw line. She also averaged 7.7 rebounds and 4.4 assists. While she didn't have one of her better games in a loss to Kimberly at the state tournament, she had some of her best games in other big games: scoring 27 in the sectional final against previously unbeaten Greendale, and 25 against Portage and University of Wisconsin recruit Missy Konieczny in a non-conference game. "She's very versatile. She can carry a team," said Jeff Schweitzer, the coach at Columbus. "She is, bar none, the best player I saw all year, and the most versatile." Talia Goudy Milwaukee Washington Goudy, a 5-11 senior forward, is a special athlete who has few, if any peers, as a rebounder. But she brings more to the game than just her leaping ability and timing under the boards. She can run the court, handle the ball and finish a break. She also is a capable shooter up to 15 feet and a quick, pesky defender. Goudy was the leading rebounder and second-leading scorer for Washington, which had a 24-2 record going into the WIAA Division 1 state tournament final Saturday night. In her first 26 games, Goudy scored 263 points, a 10.1 average. She shot 43.6% from the floor, all on two-point shots, and averaged 7.7 rebounds. There also is no telling what her numbers would have been like if her playing time hadn't been limited in Washington's 12 conference games, which it won by an average of 29 points. "If she was allowed to run up the score and play the whole game, her stats would be up there with anybody in the state," said Bill Scasny, coach of Milwaukee Divine Savior Holy Angels, the WISAA state champion and a team that lost to Washington during the regular season. "She's able to shoot the ball inside or outside, run the floor. I think she was the difference between our team and her team." Dee Dee Pate Milwaukee Washington Pate, a 5-5 senior guard, was the glue to Washington's team. She didn't score big, partly because of her unselfish play. However, she is a composed, lightning-quick floor leader with good vision and a knack for finding the open player. Her leadership played a big role in Washington reaching the final of the WIAA Division 1 state tournament and compiling a 24-2 record in the process. Pate was first in assists and third in scoring for Washington heading into the final. She scored 265 points in her team's first 26 games, a 10.2 average. Along with shooting 57.4% from two-point range, she averaged 4.9 assists and 2.6 steals per game. "I think she is the perfect example of a team player who might not have flashy stats but knows how to control her team," said Jim Kerkvliet, the coach at Racine Park. "She has that point-guard mentality. She can control the flow of the game." Lisa Oldenburg West Allis Hale Oldenburg, a 6-2 senior, was Hale's go-to player whether she was posting up inside in her role as the team's center or playing on the wing, which she had the athletic ability to do. She is a quick and agile athlete who can get a rebound on the defensive end, throw the outlet pass and make the layup at the other end. She also has a nice jump shot from the 12- to 15-foot range and the ability to handle the ball. Oldenburg scored 424 points in 24 games, a 17.7 average, as Hale won the Southeast Conference Central Division and finished 22-2. She shot 60.4% from the floor, all from two-point range; and averaged 12.2 rebounds and 3.5 steals, the latter an impressive number for a center. "She plays in a real team concept, but she does a lot of things that don't appear in the score book," said Jay Posick, the coach at Waukesha South. "I think she had a phenomenal year." Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 3/10/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...lose. Her dream of winning a state championship had been shattered...Athletic Association Division 1 state championship game to Milwaukee...Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's all-state girls basketball team. Playing...floor and 70.5% from the free-throw line. "She was the...
	Ahead of her time Lipinski has burst onto skating scene; WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP SKATING CAPSULES Women Tara Lipinski, United States: The new American champion is on a hot streak, winning the Champions Series final for two straight over last year's champion, Michelle Kwan. . . . Has all the jumps, including a rare triple loop-triple loop combination. . . . Still 14, she has never won a senior competition in Europe and was just 15th in last year's worlds after bombing in the short program. Michelle Kwan, United States: Last year's U.S. and world champion was nearly infallible until the last two competitions. . . . Vows to come back and skate up to the form she showed to win the '96 world title in a close decision over Chen Lu. . . . Strong jumper and was improving on artistry, but needs a good performance to regain confidence heading into the Olympic season. Chen LU, China: The Olympic bronze medalist and 1995 world champion is a fine jumper and very artistic. . . . Has kept a low profile this season due to various disputes with Chinese federation and injuries. . . . Narrowly lost to Kwan last year, but the long layoff from competition may hurt her more than anything. Others to watch: Two-time European champion Irina Slutskaya of Russia, third last year. . . . Nicole Bobek of the United States, the 1995 U.S. champ making a comeback and trying to shed the bad-girl image that follows her. . . . Maria Butryskaya of Russia, always near the podium, but never a world medalist. Men Elvis Stojko, Canada: The 1994 and 1995 world champion wants to regain his title and a quadruple-triple combination helps. . . . Still lacking in artistry, but maybe another quad in his program will make him unbeatable technically. . . . Missed out on a medal last year after failing in the short program. . . . Favored if he hits all his jumps. 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Mandy Woetzel and Ingo Steuer, Germany: Earned the world's sympathy when she fell and cut her chin at the 1994 Olympics and he carried her, bleeding, off the ice. . . . Won Europeans in front of home crowd in Dortmund in 1995 and barely lost Europeans the past two years. . . . Their long program is a mood piece, full of flow and unison, but perhaps not to everyone's taste. It worked for Champions Series win. Marina Eltsova and Andrei Bushkov, Russia: 1996 world champions in a close decision. . . . Won the European title again, four years after their first. . . . Elegant program and have all the tricks, but still not the reputation to be considered strong favorites. Others to watch: Jenni Meno and Todd Sand, United States: Bronze medalists in worlds last two years, but lost the U.S. title and both had injuries this season. . . . Majestic, European-style performance. . . . Too inconsistent this season. 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