Charis
Charis ♀ From Greek
kharis ‘grace’. This was a key word in early Christian thought, but was not used as a name in the early centuries after Christ or in the Middle Ages. As a given name it is a 17th-century innovation, probably chosen to express the Christian concept of charity. In later use it may sometimes have been selected as a classical reference to the three Graces (Greek
kharites).
Variants:
Karis,
Caris.
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Turbulence Closure, Steady State, and Collapse into Waves
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 2/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...ABSTRACT A new simple two-equation turbulence closure is constructed by hypothesizing...shear flow away from boundaries, the turbulence is described by equations for a master...assumed that the onset of the collapse of turbulence into nonturbulence occurs at [tau...
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Turbulence Is Hidden Risk to Air Travelers; Flight Attendants Hurt Most; Hazard Eludes Detection
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 12/30/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...from 31,000 feet to avoid annoying light turbulence over the Pacific Ocean late Sunday night...said the plane likely had been hit by severe turbulence. Federal officials say that turbulence results in nonfatal injuries to more airline...
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Turbulence and Gravity Waves within an Upper-Level Front
Magazine article from: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 11/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...aircraft during the Severe Clear-Air Turbulence Colliding with Aircraft Traffic (SCATCAT...models are analyzed for a clear-air turbulence event associated with an intense upper...relationship between gravity waves and turbulence. Mesoscale dynamics are analyzed with...
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Graphical turbulence: turbulence-predicting tools aren't as good as ones for icing or thunderstorms, but they're getting better and worth a look.(WX SMARTS)
Magazine article from: IFR; 1/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; The number of accidents where turbulence was a contributing or causal factor has steadily...a good job minimizing his exposure to dangerous turbulence, dealing with unexpected turbulence or, most likely, both. Compared to scheduled...
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Turbulence: Perspectives on Flow and Sediment Transport.
Magazine article from: The Geographical Review; 1/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...understanding of fluid behavior is crucial, and turbulence is a fundamental component. Fluid dynamicists...than a century, and by some accounts turbulence is one of the great unsolved problems...classical physics have of dealing with the turbulence beast? Read "Turbulence: Perspectives...
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Turbulence, condensation, and liquid water transport in numerically simulated nonprecipitating stratocumulus clouds
Magazine article from: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 1/15/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...involve complicated interactions between turbulence dynamics and cloud microphysical processes...liquid water variables in a coupled turbulence-microphysics model. The approach...density flux. The results show that the turbulence contribution to the mean condensation...
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Intermittent turbulence and oscillations in the stable boundary layer over land. Part I: A bulk model
Magazine article from: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 3/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...SBL) it is observed often that turbulence is not continuous in space and...This discontinuous, intermittent turbulence causes alternations from the mean...is well known that intermittent turbulence in the SBL can be generated by...
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 "The Record (Bergen County, NJ)")
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TURBULENCE FROM OUT OF THIN AIR
Newspaper article from: The Record (Bergen County, NJ); 7/10/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...Bergen County, NJ) 07-10-1999 TURBULENCE FROM OUT OF THIN AIR -- CLEAR-SKY...like a rag doll. Because clear-air turbulence is the leading cause of in-flight...of 55 injuries a year are blamed on turbulence -- usually head and neck pains to passengers...
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Modeling Optical Turbulence and Seeing over Mauna Kea*
Magazine article from: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT Atmospheric turbulence is a primary concern for astronomers. Turbulence causes amplitude and phase fluctuations in electromagnetic...reduce image degradation associated with optical turbulence. However, to optimize AO, knowledge of the...
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An investigation of turbulence generation mechanisms above deep convection
Magazine article from: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 5/15/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...An investigation of the generation of turbulence above deep convection is presented...commercial passenger aircraft and severe turbulence above a developing thunderstorm near...investigate the possible causes of the turbulence encounter. These simulations explicitly...
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Turbulence
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Turbulence Turbulence is the formation of eddies in a fluid (liquid or gas). It is produced...a solid and there is relative motion between them. For example, turbulence occurs when wind flows past a building or past a mountain; when...
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turbulence
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
turbulence state of violent or agitated behavior...Although much is still unknown about turbulence, recent developments in nonlinear dynamics...to an understanding of the onset of turbulence, and the advent of the supercomputer...
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clear-air turbulence
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology
clear-air turbulence ( CAT ) The variable pattern of up- and down-draughts, or turbulence, sometimes occurring in the absence of any cloud. It is caused by strong wind shear, especially associated with jet streams in the upper troposphere...
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turbulence, atmospheric
Book article from: A Dictionary of Astronomy
turbulence, atmospheric Unsteadiness of the Earth's atmosphere, the result of differential heating of the surface and variations of air density within an air stream. It gives rise to bad seeing and to the twinkling of stars.
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Seeing
Book article from: World of Earth Science
...obscurations include opacity, scattering, turbulence, atmospheric and thermal emission...regions of the atmosphere. Atmospheric turbulence resulting from thermal currents, or...twinkle. On a photographic plate, turbulence results in a smearing of the stellar...
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