Jongkind, Johan Barthold
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists
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2003
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists 2003, originally published by Oxford University Press 2003. (Hide copyright information)
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Jongkind, Johan Barthold (1819–91). Dutch landscape painter and etcher, active mainly in France, where he was a precursor of
Impressionism. Although he was better appreciated during his lifetime than
van Gogh, in some ways his career is similar to that of his more famous countryman. Both artists made a greater impression abroad than in their own country; both failed to adjust to the society of their time; both endured much poverty and were troubled by serious psychological problems; and sensational aspects of their lives—in Jongkind's case it was alcoholism—have interfered with a balanced appraisal of their achievement. Jongkind studied in The Hague under
Schelfhout. From 1846 he spent much of his time in France and from 1860 he made his home there permanently. He worked and exhibited with members of the
Barbizon School, and during the 1860s he played an important part in the development of Impressionism; his friend
Monet acknowledged him, together with
Boudin, as the most significant formative influence on his work. Jongkind's output was varied, but he is perhaps best known for his atmospheric coastal and river scenes.
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