GRAMMATICALITY
Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
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1998
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© Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. (Hide copyright information)
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GRAMMATICALITY. In
LINGUISTICS, conformity to the rules of a language as formulated by a GRAMMAR based on a theory of language description. The concept became prominent with the rise of
GENERATIVE GRAMMAR in the 1960s, whose primary aim has been the construction of rules that would distinguish between the
grammatical or
well-formed SENTENCES and the
ungrammatical,
DEVIANT, or
ill-formed sentences of a language.
Grammaticality has been differentiated from
ACCEPTABILITY, which is based on the judgements by native speakers as to whether they would use a sentence or would consider it correct if they met it. Judgements about what is acceptable may reflect views that a sentence is nonsensical, implausible, illogical, stylistically inappropriate, or socially objectionable. Many linguists believe that they can filter out such considerations in their investigations of the facts of language. Many also believe that they can rely on their own introspection to provide samples of clearly grammatical and clearly ungrammatical sentences that would be adequate for compiling and testing the rules. Others consider that the examination of large quantities of data stored and organized by means of computers can yield additional and more reliable information on what constructions are possible and which are central or peripheral to the language. See
CORPUS.
A sensitive issue regarding grammaticality is variability within a language, for example the extent to which sentences are grammatical for one regional or social variety but not another, or indeed for one idiolect rather than another. Non-standard varieties of a language have their own grammars, which will resemble to a greater or less extent the grammar of the standard varieties, so that a sentence may be grammatical in one non-standard variety but ungrammatical in a standard variety, and vice versa. Some sociolinguists believe that linguists should have as their objective the compilation of
multilectal grammar: a grammar that would take into account all variation within a given language.
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Researchers at University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine release new data on gigantism in children.
Newspaper article from: Biotech Week; 9/3/2008; 700+ words
; ...investigation results, 'Treatment of pituitary gigantism with the growth hormone receptor antagonist...Metabolism. "Treatment of pituitary gigantism is complex and the results are usually...therapy of three children with pituitary gigantism by a GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant...
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 "AAP General News (Australia)")
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NSW: New discovery could lead to cure for dwarfism, gigantism
Newspaper article from: AAP General News (Australia); 5/21/2002; 504 words
; ...discovery could lead to cure for dwarfism, gigantism By Judy Skatssoon, National Medical...lead them to a cure for conditions like gigantism, dwarfism and obesity. The hope rests...the hormones that influence obesity, gigantism or dwarfism, was well as strengthening...
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Sotos syndrome: An interesting disorder with gigantism.(Case Report)(Disease/Disorder overview)(Case study)
Magazine article from: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology; 7/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...vision in both eyes. He had features of gigantism from early childhood. An MRI showed...Introduction Sotos syndrome, or cerebral gigantism first described by Sotos in 1964, is...growth disorder, which mimics pituitary gigantism, but with no neuroendocrine dysfunction...
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ENVIRONMENT: NEW BUTTER FACES FEARS OF CANCER, GIGANTISM
News Wire article from: Inter Press Service English News Wire; 8/19/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...yourself at risk of cancer, tumors and gigantism. The problem is that butter from the...cause health problems in people from gigantism to tumors. The studies were summarized...in human saliva, causes acromegaly or gigantism, a condition which causes excessive...
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Gigantism in tadpoles of the Neogene frog Palaeobatrachus
Magazine article from: Paleobiology; 10/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...pathological conditions that are conducive to the development of gigantism in tadpoles. Tadpoles that lack a thyroid gland become exceptionally...duration of the growing season-may all contribute to tadpole gigantism in certain extant anuran species. We identify suites of ecological...
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Clues to Gigantism Provided by Family in Borneo Mountains.
Newspaper article from: Cancer Weekly; 9/22/2009; 700+ words
; ...about genetic mutations associated with acromegaly, a form of gigantism that often results in enlarged hands, feet, and facial features...5390 Keywords: Acromegaly, Endocrinology, Genetics, Gigantism, Hormones, Kidney Failure, Oncology, Pituitary Cancer...
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Clues to gigantism provided by family in Borneo Mountains.
Newspaper article from: NewsRx Health; 9/27/2009; 700+ words
; ...about genetic mutations associated with acromegaly, a form of gigantism that often results in enlarged hands, feet, and facial features...Keywords: Asia, Malaysia, Acromegaly, Endocrinology, Gigantism, Oncology, Pituitary Cancer, Pituitary Carcinoma, Van...
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A quiet, deliberate Venice Biennale The art event exuded power, but 'no gigantism,' and 'no ostentations'
Newspaper article from: International Herald Tribune; 6/9/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...deliberate Venice Biennale The art event exuded power, but 'no gigantism,' and 'no ostentations' Byline: CAROL VOGEL The New York...runs until Nov. 22, had a certain power. "There's no gigantism, no ostentations," said Tom Eccles, director of the Bard...
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Scientists study a form of gigantism.
News Wire article from: UPI Energy Resources; 8/25/2009; 700+ words
; ...associated with acromegaly. Researchers from the Van Andel Institute in Grand Rapids, Mich., said the disease -- a form of gigantism that often results in enlarged hands, feet, and facial features -- most often results from a benign pituitary gland tumor...
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 "Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)")
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GRASS ROOTS FIGHT MEDIA GIGANTISM.(Editorial)(Column)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 7/18/2003; 700+ words
; ...those polled had heard about this issue, despite conflicted media coverage. This growing grass-roots grumbling against gigantism is getting through to legislators ordinarily cowed by network-owned station managers or wowed by big-media campaign contributions...
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Acromegaly and Gigantism
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence
Acromegaly and gigantism Definition Acromegaly is a disease...results in excessive height and is called gigantism. Description Acromegaly is a disorder...long bones. This variant is called gigantism, with the additional bone growth causing...
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gigantism
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
gigantism condition in which an animal or plant is...increase their size. However, among animals, gigantism is usually the result of hereditary and glandular disturbance. Among humans, gigantism is produced by an oversecretion of growth...
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Growth Hormone Tests
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.
...hyperpituitarism that is evident in gigantism or acromegaly to screen for inadequate...response to these hormones can lead to gigantism or acromegaly, both of which are...characterized by a very large stature. Gigantism is the result of hGH overproduction...
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Human Growth Hormone
Book article from: Medical Discoveries
...growth rate of the skeleton and internal organs. Gigantism and Acromegaly The notion of a growth hormone arose from clinical observations on gigantism and acromegaly. Gigantism is a condition caused by too much GH in childhood...
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growth hormone
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body
...Oversecretion before this occurs results in gigantism , whereas oversecretion afterwards results...hands and feet. Interest in dwarfism, gigantism, and acromegaly has spanned the centuries...tumours are now known to be the cause of gigantism and acromegaly. Once this was established...
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