Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista
The Oxford Companion to Irish History
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2007
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© The Oxford Companion to Irish History 2007, originally published by Oxford University Press 2007. (Hide copyright information)
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Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista (d. 1665), archbishop of the Italian diocese of Fermo. He was sent to Ireland as papal nuncio in 1645, during the
Confederate War, charged with the impossible task of achieving the public restoration of Catholicism by agreement with Charles I. When his agreement with the king's agent, the earl of Glamorgan, collapsed, the
confederate supreme council proceeded with the
Ormond peace (1646). Rinuccini had the Ormondists imprisoned, assumed interim headship of the confederate administration, and launched an offensive against Dublin. However, the campaign was crippled by conflict between
Preston and Owen Roe
O'Neill, whom the nuncio had at one point physically to prevent from coming to blows.
When the confederate assembly met in early 1647 it derided Rinuccini's proposal to sack Preston. As the military situation deteriorated sharply, it was agreed to dispatch Bishop
French and the eminent lawyer Nicholas Plunkett to Rome. The nuncio wanted money, the supreme council a statement of the minimal religious terms for an acceptable settlement. On 27 May 1648 Rinuccini excommunicated the supreme council for concluding the
Inchiquin truce. When it lodged an appeal with Rome against excommunication, Rinuccini retired to Galway. French's return from Rome, with the message that Rinuccini's actions did not have wholehearted support there, finally killed off his diminishing influence and he left Ireland in February 1649.
Rinuccini, representing the militancy of the continental
Counter‐Reformation, found his main supporters among the Gaelic Irish. The
Old English deplored his unwillingness to seek a realistic accommodation with the king and his supporters, and blamed him for confederate disunity; he considered them Catholics in name only. During 1661–6 two Capuchin friars, Richard O'Ferrall and Robert O'Connell, drew on his papers to compose a comprehensive apologia, the
Commentarius Rinuccinianus, which remains a main source for the period.
Hiram Morgan
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