Offences against the State Act
The Oxford Companion to Irish History
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2007
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© The Oxford Companion to Irish History 2007, originally published by Oxford University Press 2007. (Hide copyright information)
Copyright
Offences against the State Act (1939), security legislation, replacing the
Public Safety Acts of the
Cumann na nGaedheal government, introduced in response to the
IRA bombing campaign in Great Britain. The act gave a new definition of unlawful associations and provided for the establishment of a
special court to try both specific types of cases and any others referred to it by the government. Clauses permitting
internment without trial were declared unconstitutional, but were successfully reintroduced in an amending act (1940). The act was used extensively against the IRA during the
Second World War, during the
border campaign, and, from 1972, in response to the
Northern Ireland conflict.
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Self, Race, and Species: J. F. Blumenbach's Atlas Experiment
Magazine article from: German Quarterly; 7/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...anthropologist and professor of medicine Johann Friedrich Blumenbach produced a scientific atlas...Menschengeschlechte."2 Given Blumenbach's prominence in European...types is not surprising. It is Blumenbach, after all, who is credited...
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The meaning of race: It's politics over science
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 1/18/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...influenced in the late 1700s by German anatomist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Blumenbach arranged the peoples of the world into "a hierarcy...and Georgia. Ironically, Gould wrote that Blumenbach was the least racist of race theorists of that...
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 "Saint Paul Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN)")
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A fresh look at race: Science Museum's new exhibit designed to challenge, provoke discussions.
Newspaper article from: Saint Paul Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN); 1/7/2007; 700+ words
; ...feet and staring at them. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach claimed that by using this method (which became known as "Blumenbach's position") he could identify...a mere five races (a view Blumenbach himself eventually arrived...
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READER EXPECTATION AND ETHNIC RHETORICS: THE PROBLEM OF THE THE PASSING SUBALTERN IN WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT IT?
Magazine article from: Ethnic Studies Review; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Mulattos" The Anthropological Treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, 1865 (220) As illustrated by these two excerpts, the "mixed blood" provoked in Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, as it does in Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton...
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Ancient Egypt: Africa's stolen legacy
Magazine article from: New African; 10/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...Seligman was in fact continuing from where Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, professor at Gottingen University in Germany, had left. In 1795, Blumenbach had put forward the "superiority of Caucasians...
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Multicultural reality forces reconsideration of racial terms in California.
Newspaper article from: Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service; 7/28/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...Caucasian was introduced in the late 18th century by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, a German naturalist. Just as biologists before...categorizing the varieties of plants and animals, Blumenbach and other scientists had begun trying to define...
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Findings from E. Witt and co-researchers advance knowledge in science.
Newspaper article from: Science Letter; 4/28/2009; 571 words
; ...the vitalist approach most famously advocated by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach that prevailed. Yet the alternative theory of generation brought forward by Caspar Friedrich Wolff was an important contribution to the treatment...
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Speak, so I might see you! Afro-German literature.
Magazine article from: World Literature Today; 6/22/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...Atlantic world had a counterpart in the German states, where individuals such as Alexander von Humboldt and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach either spoke against the slave trade or extolled the numerous achievements of Africans.(2) In the eighteenth...
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Karl Bodmer's Studio Art: The Newberry Library Bodmer Collection
Magazine article from: Plains Anthropologist; 5/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...prince's educational background at the University of G'ttingen and the scientific bent of his mentor, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, explains the course and methods of the expedition, and evaluates the reliability of information garnered...
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The shadow of Caliban: An introduction to the tempestuous history of anthropology
Magazine article from: Skeptic; 1/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...century that the study of "the whole of man in all his various aspects"5 developed alongside other sciences. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach is usually credited with being the founder of modern anthropology. In De generic humani varietate natives...
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Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach , 1752-1840, German naturalist...subsequent racial classifications. Blumenbach's analysis of an extensive skull...The Anthropological Treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1865, repr. 1969).
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Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich ( b . Gotha, Germany, 11 May 1752...anthropology, comparative anatomy . Blumenbach was born into a cultured, wealthy...attended the lectures of the mineralogist Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch, the author...
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Kielmeyer, Carl Friedrich
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...practiced. With ducal support he then undertook his Wanderjahre. Study at G ö ttingen with Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich Gmelin, and, most important, the physicist Georg Christoph Lichenberg, was followed by a tour...
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Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817...explorers of the 19th century. Johann Ludwig Burckhardt was born in...letter from the anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach introduced him to Sir Joseph...
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Meckel, Johann Friedrich
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...x2019; s grandfather, Johann Friedrich the Elder (1714...s father, Phillip Friedrich (1755 – 1803...above all, his mentor Johann C. Reil, who inspired...physician and anthropologist Blumenbach. His subsequent doctoral...
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