Land League
The Oxford Companion to Irish History
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2007
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© The Oxford Companion to Irish History 2007, originally published by Oxford University Press 2007. (Hide copyright information)
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Land League (Irish National Land League), the key organization in the main phase of the
Land War, founded in Dublin in October 1879. Its chief architect was Michael
Davitt, who intended it to promote and co‐ordinate a countywide campaign against
landlordism. The decision of Charles Stewart
Parnell to accept the presidency of the organization greatly widened its potential scope and facilitated the absorption of the existing Central Tenants' Defence Association. The league had a widely representative committee of 54, but this had no mechanism for controlling the executive, which was dominated by men of advanced nationalist view. Starting from its original stronghold in Co. Mayo the league extended its network of branches throughout the country (except for the predominantly Protestant areas of Ulster), aided where necessary by the work of travelling organizers remunerated from the league's plentiful american funds. The weekly
United Ireland was launched in August 1881 as the organ of the league.
While peasant proprietorship was a stated objective of the Land League, some of its supporters had more revolutionary aims. The majority of tenants entertained the less ambitious hope of rent reductions and the concession of this under the
Land Act of August 1881 undermined the unity of the league. That in turn emboldened the government to lodge Parnell and most of the executive in Kilmainham jail. When the prisoners issued a ‘no rent’ manifesto the authorities responded by outlawing the league, on 20 October 1881. Following his release in May 1882 Parnell effectively dismantled what remained of the Land League and also the
Ladies' Land League.
Richard Vincent Comerford
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