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Irish Free State

The Oxford Companion to Irish History | 2007 | Â© The Oxford Companion to Irish History 2007, originally published by Oxford University Press 2007. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Irish Free State, the first name of the Irish state 1922–37. It was suggested by Arthur Griffith to Lord Birkenhead during the negotiation of the Anglo‐Irish treaty.

The treaty gave Ireland the same constitutional status as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The Free State's relationship with the imperial parliament was governed by Canadian law and usage, but this relationship rested on very different historical and geographical factors and created tensions in Irish policy. The Free State government was determined to assert its autonomy. In 1924 it issued its own passports, registered the treaty as an international agreement with the League of Nations, and appointed an Irish minister to the USA, the first dominion representative to be accredited to a foreign state. It also worked, in collaboration with other dominions, to enhance its status within the Commonwealth, contributing significantly to the enhancement of dominion status achieved in the Balfour declaration (1926) and the Statute of Westminster.

In the 1937 constitution the title ‘Irish Free State’ was superseded by ‘Éire (Ireland)’, though it continues to be used, often with derisive connotations, by both unionists and republicans to refer to the southern Irish state.

Deirdre McMahon

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"Irish Free State." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 26 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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