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sponge
sponges
The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
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2006
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© The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2006, originally published by Oxford University Press 2006. (Hide copyright information)
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sponges, the simplest of all multi-celled organisms. Their cells are not organized into tissues, so that some sponges can reconstitute themselves if they are strained through sieves. Most of the 5,000 species are marine and live attached to the seabed, although some bore into and infest the shells of
molluscs or the fabric of
coral reefs. They are filter-feeders, drawing water into their bodies through tiny pores in the body wall, and expelling it through a central exhalent siphon. Microscopic whiplike flagella power the flow of water. Each day a sponge can process a volume of water that is up to 20,000 times its own body volume and extract from it 90% of the bacteria suspended in it.
There are three major groups of sponges:
glass sponges (500 species), which have skeletons of siliceous spicules and mostly live in the deep ocean;
calcareous sponges (about 500 species), which have spicules of calcium carbonate and most live in shallow seas; and
demosponges (about 4,000 species), whose skeletons are either siliceous or fibrous and which occur in both shallow and deep water. They include the bath sponge (
Spongia), one of the few commercially important sponges that are collected by free divers
diving to astonishing depths.
M. V. Angel
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Sponge-painted dress & romper.(fabric painting)
Magazine article from: Crafts 'n Things; 7/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; An ice cream cone-shaped sponge makes painting fun! MATERIALS General...project) * Ice cream cone-shaped sponge, 4 1/2" long. * Acrylic fabric...board inside of dress or romper. For sponge painting, apply each color of paint...
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SPONGES' NEW TWISTS.(Industry Overview)
Magazine article from: WWD; 12/10/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...innovation and sex appeal to sponges. "A sponge is a sponge is a sponge...layer pink polkadot sponge that took sponges up a notch." Pinnacle has many more sponges in its bag of tricks, including a foam sponge shaped like a butterfly...
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Sponge iron industry faces problem in gas supply. (Industry).(Natural gas price may undermined steel producers' competitiveness if increased)(International Pages)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 1/29/2002; 700+ words
; The country's sponge iron industry is facing problem in the...Krakatau Steel (KS), the only producer of sponge iron in the country said it would face...the present price level is increased. Sponge iron, which is the product of a reduction...
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Sponge painting your walls. (includes a related article on color experimentation)
Magazine article from: The Family Handyman; 5/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...best results with a natural sea sponge. Natural sponges are pricey (about $10), but...random pattern than manufactured sponges. Latex paint washes easily out of natural sponges, so you need only one sponge. * Latex glaze thin latex paint...
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Sponge Contraceptive Goes on Sale Again
News Wire article from: AP Online; 3/5/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...is awaiting a dozen sponges she paid for in advance...rights to the Today Sponge from the drug company...Canadian Web sites. More sponges, priced at the U...000 boxes of a dozen sponges each in the past week. The sponge helps prevent pregnancy...
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HEXACTINELLID SPONGES FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN BLACK SHALE OF SOUTH ANHUI, CHINA
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 11/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...early evolution of sponges. The reports of Neoproterozoic sponge spicules and the diversity...the early pattern of sponge evolution relies on...preservation of aggregated sponges in body form. Abundant...extraordinarily preserved sponge body fossils are well...
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Nonwoven medical sponges and bandages in the U.S. (Medical Nonwovens)
Magazine article from: Nonwovens Industry; 11/1/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...IV and other medical sponges and bandage rolls (Table...Table 1 NONWOVEN MEDICAL SPONGE AND BANDAGE PRODUCTS...Comments General Purpose Sponges Wound prepping, cleaning...continued to emphasize gauze sponges, while actually increasing...and share of spunlaced sponge products. A second ...
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Sponge shops soak up some tourist dollars
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 5/2/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...area. But most of his sponges come from the island...Kalymnos, Greece's famed sponge center, which also...Aegean Sea. "For these sponges, they (the sponge divers) go down from...Aravandinos said. When sponges are removed from the...
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 "Albany Times Union (Albany, NY)")
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SPONGES CAN MAKE PEOPLE ILL.(LIFE & LEISURE)
Newspaper article from: Albany Times Union (Albany, NY); 10/18/1995; 700+ words
; ...of four new antibacterial sponges in exchange for any used sponge in the kitchen. They collected enough icky sponges to fill a clear plastic suitcase...like a dishcloth or ordinary sponge. Designate separate sponges for different cleaning tasks...
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Sponge Contraceptive on Sale Again
News Wire article from: AP Online; 3/4/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...rights to Today's Sponge from the drug company...Internet sites. More sponges, priced at the U...went hunting for sponges. I didn't do the...disappearance of Today's Sponge, two foreign brands...while using Today's Sponge, but had two miscarriages...ordered $130 in sponges through ...
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Sponge
Book article from: How Products Are Made
...century, cellulose sponges rapidly replaced the natural sponge for most common household...the sheep's wool sponge, or Hippospongia canaliculata. Synthetic sponges are made of three...cellulose used for sponges arrives at the sponge factory in large...
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Sponges
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...character for classification of sponge species. In cross section, most sponges consist of a convoluted...current of water through the sponge. Sponges rely on large volumes of...skeletons being used as bath sponges. Sponge fishing is a major industry...
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sponge
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
sponge common name for...family. Adult sponges are sessile, attaching...on the type of sponge, are imbedded...individuals. Solitary sponges and colonies range...sometimes bleached. Sponge fishing has declined...use of synthetic sponges and to a decline...
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sponges and related fossils
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...isolated spicules shows that sponges existed at least as far back as the Cambrian. The sponges form the major part of the...there are several groups of sponge-like organisms that are...conical and also calcareous. Sponges are classified on the shape...
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sponges
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
...of water. Each day a sponge can process a volume...three major groups of sponges: glass sponges (500...deep ocean; calcareous sponges (about 500 species...They include the bath sponge ( Spongia ), one of...commercially important sponges that are collected by...
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