rhumb line
The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
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2006
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© The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2006, originally published by Oxford University Press 2006. (Hide copyright information)
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rhumb line, from the Old French
rumb, a line on the
chart which intersects all
meridians at the same oblique angle. Meridians and parallels of
latitude are special cases of the rhumb line, the angles of intersection being respectively 0° and 90°. Rhumb lines which cut meridians at oblique angles are loxodromic curves spiralling towards the poles. A rhumb line is a straight line on a
Mercator projection.
The radial lines on a compass card are also called rhumbs, and the term ‘sailing on a rhumb’ was often used in the 16th–19th centuries to indicate a particular compass heading. A line of constant
course is a rhumb line. On a plane surface (see
plain sailing) this would be the shortest distance between two points. Over relatively short distances, where the curvature of the earth is negligible, it can also be considered so, so a rhumb can be used for plotting a ship's course.
Over longer distances at sea, and especially ocean passages,
great circle sailing provides a shorter course. But the inconvenience of having to change course continually when following the great circle course makes rhumb line sailing the general method of
navigation.
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