merchant marine
The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
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2006
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© The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2006, originally published by Oxford University Press 2006. (Hide copyright information)
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merchant marine, a collective name to describe the merchant ships on the official registers of any one nation, though in Britain it is known as the
merchant navy after King George V granted it this title in 1922. There are many different types of merchant ships (see Table 1 overleaf) and in 2003 the world fleet of powered seagoing merchant ships of not less than 100 tonnes gross was 89,899 ships of 605.2 million gross
tonnage with an average age of 21 years. The world's cargo-carrying fleet was 46,918 ships of 846.6 million deadweight tonnage. Table 2 shows, in descending order of gross tonnage, the twenty largest merchant fleets in the world by registration. Those marked with an asterisk are
flags of convenience fleets. Table 3 shows the world's fleets by nationality of owner, 1,000 tonnes gross and above, which reveals that Greece and Japan have the two largest, with 16% and 13% respectively.
Table 1. Category of Cargo Ships over 100 GT
Shiptype Category | No. | Dwt | GT | Age |
|---|
Bulk Dry | 5,046 | 280,854,469 | 155,947,831 | 14 |
Crude Oil Tanker | 1,810 | 247,805,236 | 134,497,497 | 11 |
Container | 3,055 | 90,475,579 | 78,435,684 | 10 |
General Cargo | 16,253 | 72,308,173 | 51,214,559 | 23 |
Oil Products Tanker | 5,136 | 40,642,726 | 24,775,362 | 23 |
Chemical | 2,828 | 36,400,153 | 22,490,309 | 14 |
Ro‐ro Cargo | 1,921 | 14,110,728 | 29,130,165 | 18 |
Bulk Dry/Oil | 174 | 12,110,343 | 6,975,916 | 18 |
LPG Tanker | 1,027 | 11,247,554 | 9,573,232 | 16 |
LNG Tanker | 153 | 9,700,062 | 13,195,145 | 14 |
Other Bulk Dry | 1,112 | 9,206,584 | 6,889,594 | 19 |
Refrigerated Cargo | 1,272 | 6,849,261 | 6,375,829 | 19 |
Self‐discharging Bulk Dry | 168 | 5,507,994 | 3,257,346 | 28 |
Passenger/Ro‐ro Cargo | 2,737 | 4,152,782 | 15,133,063 | 22 |
Other Dry Cargo | 250 | 2,054,561 | 1,913,920 | 26 |
Passenger (cruise) | 432 | 1,399,001 | 10,650,564 | 22 |
Other Liquids | 371 | 950,733 | 685,288 | 25 |
Passenger Ship | 2,833 | 544,570 | 1,431,536 | 21 |
Passenger/General Cargo | 340 | 328,096 | 628,316 | 33 |
Total cargo carrying | 46,918 | 846,648,605 | 573,201,156 | 20 |
Table 2. Gross tonnage and average age of vessels by country of registration
Registration | | Totals | | | Cargo‐carrying ships | | Ships of miscellaneous activities |
|---|
| No. | GT | Age | No. | GT | Dwt | Age | No. | GT | Age |
|---|
*Panama | 6,302 | 125,721,658 | 17 | 5,349 | 123,220,617 | 183,974,112 | 16 | 953 | 2,501,041 | 26 |
*Liberia | 1,553 | 52,434,624 | 12 | 1,462 | 51,004,525 | 79,787,483 | 11 | 91 | 1,430,099 | 24 |
*Bahamas | 1,297 | 34,751,748 | 15 | 1,127 | 33,226,958 | 45,473,151 | 15 | 170 | 1,524,790 | 20 |
Greece | 1,558 | 32,203,117 | 22 | 1,325 | 32,130,644 | 54,519,431 | 21 | 233 | 72,473 | 32 |
*Malta | 1,301 | 25,134,314 | 18 | 1,262 | 24,976,614 | 40,797,336 | 18 | 39 | 157,700 | 25 |
Singapore | 1,761 | 23,240,945 | 11 | 1,056 | 22,807,969 | 35,998,380 | 12 | 705 | 432,976 | 9 |
*Cyprus | 1,198 | 22,054,166 | 16 | 1,077 | 21,786,083 | 35,167,103 | 16 | 121 | 268,083 | 18 |
Hong Kong | 901 | 20,507,453 | 12 | 846 | 20,483,481 | 34,456,489 | 12 | 55 | 23,972 | 10 |
China | 3,376 | 18,427,955 | 22 | 2,374 | 17,554,128 | 26,257,775 | 22 | 1,002 | 873,827 | 21 |
*Marshall Is. | 515 | 17,628,157 | 12 | 421 | 17,279,579 | 28,872,911 | 10 | 94 | 348,578 | 21 |
Norway (NIS) | 705 | 16,996,583 | 16 | 608 | 16,660,889 | 23,979,689 | 16 | 97 | 335,694 | 13 |
Japan | 7,151 | 13,561,521 | 13 | 4,137 | 12,457,304 | 15,993,791 | 12 | 3,014 | 1,104,217 | 15 |
UK | 1,594 | 10,843,724 | 20 | 599 | 9,922,751 | 9,796,872 | 16 | 995 | 920,973 | 22 |
Russia | 4,950 | 10,430,783 | 23 | 1,876 | 6,204,336 | 7,758,333 | 24 | 3,074 | 4,226,447 | 22 |
USA | 6,185 | 10,408,896 | 24 | 467 | 8,358,332 | 11,052,013 | 26 | 5,718 | 2,050,564 | 24 |
Italy | 1,504 | 10,245,809 | 22 | 871 | 9,955,275 | 10,403,001 | 19 | 633 | 290,534 | 25 |
Denmark (DIS) | 425 | 7,246,602 | 17 | 330 | 7,078,157 | 8,840,014 | 16 | 95 | 168,445 | 21 |
India | 1,028 | 6,960,567 | 18 | 429 | 6,537,456 | 10,999,548 | 17 | 599 | 423,111 | 19 |
Korea (South) | 2,604 | 6,757,400 | 23 | 1,058 | 6,177,143 | 9,933,496 | 19 | 1,546 | 580,257 | 26 |
Isle of Man | 302 | 6,416,425 | 10 | 243 | 6,017,856 | 9,883,089 | 10 | 59 | 398,569 | 12 |
Table 3. World's fleet by nationality of owner, 2003
Nationality | | Totals | | | Cargo‐carrying ships | | | | Ships of miscellaneous activities | |
|---|
| No. | GT | Age | No. | GT | Dwt | Age | No. | GT | Age |
|---|
Source of these tables Lloyd's Register–Fairplay Ltd, World Fleet Statistics 2003. |
Greece | 3,025 | 91,094,974 | 18 | 2,971 | 90,589,597 | 152,264,476 | 18 | 54 | 505,377 | 20 |
Japan | 2,948 | 77,069,940 | 9 | 2,846 | 76,422,886 | 109,216,733 | 8 | 102 | 647,054 | 15 |
Norway | 1,653 | 36,687,450 | 16 | 1,300 | 35,169,329 | 49,962,180 | 16 | 353 | 1,518,121 | 14 |
Germany | 2,464 | 36,414,972 | 9 | 2,432 | 36,313,835 | 48,873,612 | 9 | 32 | 101,137 | 18 |
USA | 1,549 | 34,505,581 | 18 | 890 | 31,395,892 | 42,620,674 | 19 | 659 | 3,109,689 | 17 |
China | 2,416 | 30,611,974 | 20 | 2,175 | 29,883,768 | 46,734,721 | 20 | 241 | 728,206 | 20 |
Hong Kong, China | 485 | 17,504,409 | 12 | 483 | 17,502,067 | 30,625,070 | 12 | 2 | 2,342 | 38 |
Korea (South) | 865 | 16,823,726 | 15 | 793 | 16,665,331 | 25,062,978 | 14 | 72 | 158,395 | 24 |
China (Taiwan) | 537 | 15,306,608 | 13 | 528 | 15,291,421 | 22,866,377 | 12 | 9 | 15,187 | 22 |
UK | 793 | 15,247,093 | 14 | 603 | 14,522,121 | 18,921,620 | 13 | 190 | 724,972 | 15 |
Singapore | 758 | 14,420,979 | 15 | 702 | 14,164,910 | 23,303,778 | 15 | 56 | 256,069 | 13 |
Russia | 2,539 | 13,910,948 | 22 | 1,667 | 10,621,084 | 15,206,876 | 22 | 872 | 3,289,864 | 22 |
Denmark | 686 | 12,815,017 | 12 | 574 | 12,347,043 | 15,868,511 | 12 | 112 | 467,974 | 14 |
Italy | 656 | 10,690,165 | 15 | 590 | 10,302,046 | 12,082,959 | 15 | 66 | 388,119 | 23 |
India | 394 | 7,363,160 | 17 | 291 | 7,079,110 | 12,021,659 | 16 | 103 | 284,050 | 18 |
Malaysia | 335 | 7,290,745 | 14 | 306 | 7,210,512 | 9,668,090 | 14 | 29 | 80,233 | 17 |
Switzerland | 278 | 6,706,956 | 17 | 271 | 6,526,805 | 8,209,505 | 16 | 7 | 180,151 | 25 |
Saudi Arabia | 126 | 6,689,528 | 17 | 104 | 6,655,385 | 12,055,663 | 18 | 22 | 34,143 | 15 |
Turkey | 576 | 5,574,578 | 18 | 575 | 5,573,414 | 8,687,038 | 18 | 1 | 1,164 | 24 |
Sweden | 319 | 5,536,052 | 16 | 298 | 5,402,118 | 5,753,467 | 15 | 21 | 133,934 | 22 |
See also
international maritime organization;
master;
mate;
ship;
ticket;
tramp ship.
Bibliography
Hope, R. , A New History of British Shipping (1990).
—— Poor Jack: The Perilous History of the Merchant Seaman (2003).
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Andrew Lang
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Lang, Andrew
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Primitive Horde
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Charles Orléans, duc d'
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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