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great circle

The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea | 2006 | © The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2006, originally published by Oxford University Press 2006. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

great circle, the largest circle which can be inscribed on the surface of a sphere. In terms of the earth, the equator, and all the meridians of longitude, since they pass through both poles, are great circles, i.e. the centres of all these circles lie at the centre of the earth. It follows therefore that any circle inscribed around the earth which has its centre at the centre of the earth is a great circle.

The shortest distance between any two points on the earth's surface lies along the great circle which passes through them both. Radio signals follow the path of great circles. See also gnomonic chart; mercator projection.

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