berthing hawsers
The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
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2006
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© The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2006, originally published by Oxford University Press 2006. (Hide copyright information)
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berthing hawsers are used for
mooring a ship alongside a wall or
jetty. The two
breast ropes, marked (2) and (5) in Fig. 1, below, are known as the
fore and
after breast ropes, and are used to breast the ship bodily towards the jetty when coming alongside, and when
belayed they limit the ship's distance from the jetty. They can also be used to hold a small ship upright against a jetty when it is resting on the bottom. The
hawsers marked (3) and (4) are known respectively as the
fore spring and the
after spring. Any spring which leads forward is known as a
back spring and any which leads
aft is known as a
head spring. When a ship is secured alongside these prevent it from surging ahead or astern at its
berth, and together they assist the breast ropes to keep it close alongside. They also enable the ship's bow or stern to be swung clear when leaving. By going ahead against a fore spring with the
helm over, the stern swings outwards while the ship is held from moving
ahead by the spring. Similarly, by going
astern against a back spring with the helm over, the bow can be swung clear. The
head-rope (1) and
stern-rope (6) help the springs in preventing the ship from surging and are also employed to move the ship into its correct berth when going alongside.
For a large ship, or one which is berthed near a busy
fairway where it is more likely to surge, or for any ship berthed in bad weather, the springs may be duplicated as shown in Fig. 2. These are then called the
fore head spring (1), the
fore back spring (2), the
after head spring (3), and the
after back spring (4).
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