Coriolis force
The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
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2006
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© The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2006, originally published by Oxford University Press 2006. (Hide copyright information)
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Coriolis force is the name given to the inertial forces acting on a body moving across the surface of a rotating sphere. They result from accelerations generated through the conservation of angular momentum, a basic tenet of Newtonian laws of motion. So anywhere on the surface of the earth, apart from exactly on the equator or at the poles, anything that moves, including
currents and winds, will rotate. In the northern hemisphere the rotation is clockwise (cyclonic), and in the southern hemisphere it is anticlockwise (anticyclonic). It determines patterns of circulation in the atmosphere (prevailing winds and
tropical storms) and in the oceans (the major current gyres and
upwelling). The term commemorates the 19th-century French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis. See also
marine meteorology.
M. V. Angel
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