Beirut
Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names
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2005
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© Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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Beirut (Bayrūt), Lebanon Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus, Beyrouth ‘The Wells’ from the Hebrew
be'erot, the plural of
be'er ‘well’, an acknowledgement of the presence of numerous wells in the area. It became a Roman province in 14 bc, but by 551 had been destroyed by a series of earthquakes and a tidal wave. It fell to the Arabs in 635 and to the crusaders of the First Crusade in 1110. It was recaptured by the Muslims under Saladin in 1187, but was lost to the crusaders again ten years later. They were expelled by the Mamlūks in 1291 and in 1516 Beirut was occupied by the Ottoman Turks. Under the French mandate the city, known as Beyrouth, became the capital of the State of Greater Lebanon in 1920, of the Lebanese Republic in 1926 and of independent Lebanon in 1941.
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