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Phalanx

The Oxford Dictionary of Art | 2004 | | © The Oxford Dictionary of Art 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Phalanx. An association of artists organized in Munich in 1901 in opposition to the conservative views of the Academy and the Sezession. Kandinsky was one of the founders of the association and its leading figure, becoming president in 1902. For the first group exhibition, in August 1901, he designed a magnificent poster in Art Nouveau style showing Greek warriors advancing across a battlefield in phalanx formation. The militaristic name of the association was chosen to suggest its aggressive, progressive spirit. Eleven more exhibitions followed before Kandinsky dissolved Phalanx in 1904 because of lack of public support. In addition to work by members, the exhibitions featured ‘guest’ artists, notably French Post-Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists at the tenth exhibition in 1904. This was the most important of the exhibitions, confirming Kandinsky's internationalism and having a marked effect on several young artists, notably Kirchner. In 1902–3 Phalanx ran an art school; one of the first students was Gabriele Münter, who became Kandinsky's mistress.

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