space exploration
space exploration Using spacecraft to investigate outer space and heavenly bodies. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite,
Sputnik 1, into Earth orbit. Soviet cosmonauts, and their American equivalents, astronauts, orbited the Earth soon after. Unmanned space probes crash-landed on the Moon, sending back pictures to Earth during the descent. Then came soft landings, and probes orbiting the Moon showed its hidden side for the first time. By 1968, Soviet scientists developed techniques for returning a Moon orbiter safely to the Earth. In 1969, the US
Apollo 11 mission became the first to place a man on the Moon. By that time, the Soviet Union had sent probes to explore Mars and Venus.
CHRONOLOGY: First probe to land on the Moon:
Lunik 2, launched September 12, 1959. First manned spaceflight: Yuri
Gagarin, April 12, 1961. First close-up pictures of Mars:
Mariner 4, received July 14, 1965. First person to walk on the Moon, Neil
Armstrong, July 20, 1969. First pictures from surface of another planet:
Venera 9, received from Venus on October 22, 1975. First probes to land on Mars,
Viking 1 and 2, July 1976. Fly-bys of
Voyager 2: Jupiter (1979), Saturn (1981), Uranus (1986), Neptune (1989). First
space shuttle:
Columbia, launched April 12, 1981.
Giotto probe, launched 1985, flew within 600km (380mi) of Halley's Comet, sending back photographs and data.
Galileo project, launched October 1989, photographed the asteroids Gaspra (1991) and Ida (1993), dropped a sub-probe (1995) into Jupiter's atmosphere and provided detailed data on Galilean satellites;
Clementine probe (1994), discovered what are thought to be water-ice deposits in craters of the Moon;
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) probe, launched 1995, provided data on the Sun's interior until 2000;
Mars Pathfinder mission, launched December 1996, landed on Mars to deploy a ‘microrover’ (Sojourner) to explore and collect rock samples;
Cassini space probe (launched 1997) on a seven-year journey towards Saturn.
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MDA plays significant role in planning future global space explorations.
News Wire article from: CNW Group; 2/17/2009; 700+ words
; ...of Canada's potential participation in global space exploration. The Canadian Space Agency contracts are worth $1.8 million (CAD...opportunities for Canadian participation in the new global space exploration initiative together with NASA and the...
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Other Worlds Revealed.(PopSci Predicts: Your Guide To The Year In Science 2008)(space explorations)
Magazine article from: Popular Science; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...new Earths will emerge from distant space THIS YEAR OF PLANETARY EXPLORATION will start hot. This month, after...scientists anticipate that the French space agency's Corot satellite--the first space telescope dedicated to planet-hunting...
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Space Exploration Conference Brings Together Government, Industry Leaders.
PR Newswire; 11/15/2006; 700+ words
; ...implementing the Vision for Space Exploration RESTON, Va., Nov. 15 /PRNewswire...commercial strategist, Boeing Space Exploration * Doug Cooke, deputy associate...demonstrate their capabilities in the space exploration arena. A special Small Business...
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Fuel Leak Cited As Cause Of Falcon 1 Failure.(Space Explorations Technology Corp.)(Brief article)
Newspaper article from: Satellite News; 4/3/2006; 577 words
; A fuel leak shut down the main engine of Space Explorations Technology Corp.'s (SpaceX) Falcon 1 rocket, and the vehicle crashed less than a minute into its inaugural mission March...
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DARPA Clears Falcon 1 For Launch.(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)(Space Explorations Technology Corp.'s rocket)(Brief article)
Newspaper article from: Satellite News; 7/24/2006; 700+ words
; ...Projects Agency (DARPA) has approved the return of the Falcon 1 rocket to flight status, DARPA announced July 18. Space Explorations Technology Corp.'s (SpaceX) Falcon 1 rocket crashed a minute into its inaugural mission March 24. A government...
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Space Exploration to Help U.S. Remain World Leader
Newspaper article from: The Journal Record; 7/4/1991; ; 700+ words
; Space exploration will help the United States to remain...executive order establishing a special space exploration program office which would oversee...often need machines to help. The Space Exploration Initiative is an integrated program...
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NASA ADMINISTRATOR SPEAKS AT JAXA SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 3/7/2007; 700+ words
; ...NASA Administrator RemarksJAXA Space Exploration SymposiumKyoto, Japan The NASA...guide the coordination of future space exploration efforts for years to come...A Framework document for space exploration, one that will allow existing...
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New era for space exploration as 14 space agencies take historic step.
M2 Presswire; 5/31/2007; 700+ words
; ...UK Government: New era for space exploration as 14 space agencies take historic...current focus and process of space exploration, the current interest in returning...future co-ordination of global space exploration. Welcoming the publication...
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Coalition for Space Exploration Announces 2009 Leadership.
PR Newswire; 12/19/2008; 700+ words
; ...PRNewswire/ -- The Coalition for Space Exploration's (http://www.spacecoalition...with advocating for a robust space exploration program to this leadership role...the importance and benefits of space exploration." In 2008, the Coalition...
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Coalition for Space Exploration Launches Space Advocacy Web Site.
PR Newswire; 12/6/2006; 700+ words
; ...PRNewswire/ -- The Coalition for Space Exploration today launched a new space advocacy...the future of our nation's space exploration program. That's why this...is critical to the future of space exploration, and SpaceAdvocate.com will...
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Space Exploration
Book article from: Mathematics
Space Exploration On July 20, 1969, the people of...footprint on the lunar surface. Robotic Exploration of Space Some scientists contend that the...scientists believe that the robotic exploration of space will lead to more discoveries than...
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History of Manned Space Exploration
Book article from: World of Earth Science
History of manned space exploration The history of manned space exploration is essentially the history of the United States and Soviet/Russian space programs. Although the European Space Agency and China...
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Public Opinion About Space Exploration
Book article from: Space Exploration: Triumphs and Tragedies
Public Opinion About Space Exploration We will build new ships to carry...devotion to the nation ’ s space travel agenda. They love the idea...Sometimes they wonder if money spent on space exploration might be better spent on Earth...
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space exploration
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
space exploration the investigation of physical conditions in space and on stars, planets, and other celestial bodies through...artificial satellites (spacecraft that orbit the earth), space probes (spacecraft that pass through the solar system...
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Introduction to Space Exploration
Book article from: Space Exploration: Triumphs and Tragedies
Introduction to Space Exploration Mankind will migrate into space, and will cross the airless Saharas which separate planet...drove people of the twentieth century to venture into space. By definition, space begins at the edge of Earth...
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