Neolithic
Neolithic (New Stone Age) Period in human cultural development following the
Palaeolithic. The Neolithic began
c.8000 bc in
w Asia and
c.4000 bc in Europe. During this period people first lived in settled villages, domesticated animals, cultivated cereal crops, and ground stone and flint.
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fumaric acid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
fumaric acid or trans -butenedioic acid, HO 2 CCH...butenedioic acid, is a geometric isomer of fumaric acid; it melts at about 140°C. Of the two isomers fumaric acid is the more stable and can be prepared...
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tartaric acid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...dihydroxysuccinic acid or l -2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid. This form can be...hydroxide. Tartaric acids can be synthesized from maleic acids or fumaric acids by reaction with aqueous...boiling point. Tartaric acid is used chiefly in...
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malic acid
Book article from: A Dictionary of Zoology
malic acid A dicarboxylic acid formed during the citric-acid cycle by the reversible hydration of fumaric acid .
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cis-butenedioic acid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
cis-butenedioic acid , IUPAC name for maleic acid; see fumaric acid .
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maleic acid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
maleic acid : see fumaric acid .
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