Permian
Permian Final
period (290–248 Ma) of the
Palaeozoic Era, which is named after the central Russian province of Perm. The period is often noted for the widespread continental conditions that prevailed in the northern hemisphere and for the extensive nature of the southern hemisphere glaciation. Many groups of animals and plants, including the rugose corals (
Rugosa), trilobites (
Trilobita), and
blastoid echinoderms (
Blastozoa), vanished at the end of the Permian, in a mass
extinction that was one of the great crises in the history of life. The period is divided into seven
ages: the
Asselian,
Sakmarian,
Artinskian, and
Kungurian Ages in the Early Permian Epoch (290–256.1 Ma); and the
Ufimian,
Kazanian, and
Tatarian Ages in the Late Permian Epoch (256.1–248 Ma).
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Stamp vignette on medical science: Ernst Chain--Nobel Prize for work on Penicillin
Magazine article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 9/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; Ernst Boris Chain, a German-born biochemist, shared the...in a number of infectious diseases." Chain was primarily responsible for chemically...penicillin and, with the help of Florey and Chain, convinced the world of its great therapeutic...
|
 "The Daily Mail (London, England)")
|
Breaking the mould; Modest pioneer: Penicillin discoverer Sir Alexander Fleming described his fame as a 'myth'.
Newspaper article from: The Daily Mail (London, England); 9/4/2007; 700+ words
; ...Florey organiseda large and skilled research team (Ernst Boris Chain, A. D. Gardner, NormanHeatley, M. Jennings...SirWilliam Dunn School of Pathology to undertake the task. Ernst Chain worked out how to isolate and concentrate penicillin...
|
|
Introduction: The Saga of Freeze-Drying
Magazine article from: Pharmaceutical Technology; 2/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...lyophilization" by Flosdorf, the process faced its first major challenge under Sir Ernst Boris Chain, who used the technique to preserve antibiotics. Given Chain's results, it is no wonder that Charles Merieux turned to lyophilization to prepare...
|
|
The man who broke the mould: the life and achievements of Nobel Prize winner Alexander Fleming.(Focus on Pharmaceuticals)(biography)(Biography)
Magazine article from: Chemistry and Industry; 8/2/2004; 700+ words
; ...Howard Florey, an Australian-born physiologist, and Ernst Boris Chain, a chemist who had fled Nazi Germany. These two, who...Fleming's penicillin mould as a starting point. Florey, Chain and colleagues purified penicillin and successfully treated...
|
|
IN OUR PAGES: 100, 75 AND 50 YEARS AGO1955: Alexander Fleming Dies
Newspaper article from: International Herald Tribune; 3/12/2005; 317 words
; ...family of fungi. He named it penicillin and recorded his discovery in an official report. Sir Howard Florey and Dr. Ernst Boris Chain produced penicillin in the crystalline form which has made it one of the most potent drugs ever produced. 2005 Copyright...
|
|
Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine.
News Wire article from: United Press International; 10/7/2002; 700+ words
; ...Argentina. 1946 -- Hermann Joseph Muller, United States. 1945 -- Sir Alexander Fleming, United Kingdom; Ernst Boris Chain, United Kingdom; Sir Howard Walter Florey, Unit
|
|
Anniversaries
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 6/19/1995; 611 words
; ...Duchess of Windsor, 1896; Guy Lombardo, bandleader, 1902; Walter Reginald Hammond, cricketer, 1903; Sir Ernst Boris Chain, bacteriologist and pioneer of penicillin, 1906. Deaths: Matthew Merian the Elder, engraver and bookseller...
|
|
Television review: Story breaks the mould of Fleming
Newspaper article from: The Scotsman; 7/30/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...of a jolt. But West reined himself in well, disappearing into it with a subtle accent. Not so his co-worker Ernst Boris Chain, who went on to share the Nobel Prize with Florey and Fleming. Oliver Dimsdale played this exiled German Jew with...
|
|
Ralph Kohn
Magazine article from: Musical Opinion; 9/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...which Ralph Kohn went to the Institute of Public Health in Rome to study with the legendary Nobel Prize Winner Sir Ernst Boris Chain, who had been awarded the Medicine and Physiology Prize jointly with Sir Alexander Fleming and Sir Howard Florey...
|
 "The Cincinnati Post (Cincinnati, OH)")
|
FEW YEARS TOP 1945 IN SIGNIFICANCE.(Living)(Site-seeing)
Newspaper article from: The Cincinnati Post (Cincinnati, OH); 9/10/2004; 700+ words
; ...interest to me was the award for medicine (physiology), which was split equally among Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey, who discovered the curative power of penicillin. The reason I'm interested? I...
|
|
Ernst Boris Chain
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Ernst Boris Chain Ernst Boris Chain (1906-1979) was instrumental in the creation of penicillin, the first antibiotic drug. Ernst Boris Chain was instrumental in the creation of penicillin, the first antibiotic drug. Although the Scottish...
|
|
Chain, Ernst Boris (1906-1979)
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
Chain, Ernst Boris (1906-1979) German – born English biochemist Ernst Chain was instrumental in the creation of penicillin , the first antibiotic...
|
|
Chain, Sir Ernst Boris
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
Chain, Sir Ernst Boris (1906–79) British biochemist, b. Germany. He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with Howard...
|
|
Fleming, Alexander
Book article from: Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
...Despite the limited utility of lysozyme, Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain of Oxford University later determined both its structure...seemed destined for obscurity. But in 1938, Florey and Chain began to reinvestigate penicillin and eventually produced...
|
|
Penicillin
Book article from: American Decades
...was not until the 1940s that Howard Walker Florey and Ernst Boris Chain and their "Oxford group" conducted animal experiments...effectiveness of penicillin. Fleming, Florey, and Chain shared the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in...
|
