occupation
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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occupation. Despite dictionary definitions, ‘occupation’ is a term which in the context of war is usually employed selectively and subjectively, that is, for military operations that are not approved. Hence, in Allied literature, operations conducted by the western Allies or by the USSR are generally described as
‘liberations’, whilst similar operations conducted by Axis forces are described as ‘occupation’ or ‘invasion’. In contemporary Axis literature, the roles of ‘liberator’ and ‘occupier’ were exactly reversed.
Reality was rather more complicated. Operations by the Allied armies were not always welcome to the local population; and operations by the
Axis Powers were not uniformly resented.
In two key instances, however, the Allied powers dropped all pretence of ‘liberating’ the countries which their armies entered. The Allied policy of
unconditional surrender ensured that Germany and Japan were to be occupied by Allied forces regardless of the wishes of the populations concerned. In these two cases, the term ‘Allied Occupation’ was both conventional and correct.
Norman Davies
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The Nestorian faithful.(notes from the GLOBAL CHURCH)
Magazine article from: The Christian Century; 10/6/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...They are what Western churches have pejoratively labeled Nestorians--followers of a patriarch...Whether or not the name Nestorian is valid historically...has made the name glorious Nestorians were members of the great Church of the East that flourished...Catholic world in 498. The ...
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Li Tang. A Study of the History of Nestorian Christianity in China and Its Literature in Chinese: Together with a New English Translation of the Dunhuang Nestorian Documents.(Book review)
Magazine article from: China Review International; 3/22/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Translation of the Dunhuang Nestorian Documents. Second revised...history and texts of the Church of the East, the so-called Nestorian Church, a name it acquired...inscription on the famous Nestorian stele from Xi'an in L...
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Roman Malek, editor. Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia.(Book review)
Magazine article from: China Review International; 9/22/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...editor. Jingjiao: The Church of the East in China and...by Roman Malek explain why Nestorian in the title of the conference...2001. No longer is the term Nestorian an appropriate designation...reached with Saeki's The Nestorian Documents and Relics in China...the Buddhist influence on ...
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The Church of the East and the Church of England; A History of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission.
Magazine article from: International Bulletin of Missionary Research; 4/1/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...renewal in the ancient "Nestorian" church effectively from 1880 to...avoids the popular name "Nestorian Church" (fiercely rejected...members) but considers it is "Nestorian" by nature. There are some...work by Joseph Masters, The Nestorians and Their Rituals in 1842...
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Instruments in Church: A Collection of Source Documents.
Magazine article from: Church History; 12/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; Instruments in Church: A Collection of Source Documents...David Music is professor of church music at Southwestern Baptist...however, since the central Nestorian issue (whether or not Nestorius was a Nestorian) became the separation (or...
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Saint Cyril of Alexandria.(Fathers Of The Church XI)(Biography)
Magazine article from: Catholic Insight; 4/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...the Fathers'; the Greek Church revered his Christology...titled him 'Teacher of the Church'; for the Catholic scholar...insinuations of Socrates (Church History 7.15) to blame...expended on combatting Arians and Nestorians; Photius regarded his On...Christology, which opposes the Nestorian ...
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A Concise History of the Early Church
Magazine article from: The Catholic Historical Review; 4/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...Concise History of the Early Church. By Norbert Brox.Translated...translated survey of the Early Church spans from its beginning to...Others certainly put forward a Nestorian christology, but Nestorius was no `Nestorian"' (p. 166). A nice feature...
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Two Kingdoms: The Church and Culture Through the Ages.
Magazine article from: International Bulletin of Missionary Research; 10/1/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...paragraphs on Eastern Orthodoxy, Nestorian missions, developments in Latin American churches, and women in missions are...the audience for every new church history. Examples of the interplay of church and culture there must be...Northern Hemisphere's sense of church history. Prophet ...
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Jingjiao; the church of the East in China and Central Asia.(Brief Article)(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 11/1/2006; 489 words
; 3805005342 Jingjiao; the church of the East in China and Central...Asian studies, theology, Church history, linguistics, and...Luminous Religion, which is what Nestorian Christianity was called in...authenticity and theology; Nestorian inscription and remains from...
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Eight churches vs Israel
Newspaper article from: Jerusalem Post; 3/9/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...and they view the churches' move against Israel...to suppose that the church leaders - almost all...massacre of the Assyrian-Nestorians in Iraq, and of the...the state. But the church leaders are obviously...Regrettably, American church leaders - pressed by...and the evangelical ...
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Nestorian Church
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Christendom. The head of the church, called the patriarch of...from uncle to nephew. The church has relations with some Jacobites...some Anglicans; in 1994 the Nestorian and Roman Catholic churches signed a declaration recognizing...theological positions. Among the Nestorians and ...
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Nestorians
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Cultures
...Of complex ethnicity, Nestorians list in their ancestry Aramaeans...connect him with the later Nestorians of the Persian Empire. He...Robber Synod") that the Nestorian "heresy" was ended, to...Antiochans were to be divided from Nestorians on doctrinal grounds. Bishops...Syrian" or "Suryani" ...
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Nestorian
Book article from: A Dictionary of World History
Nestorian A member of the Nestorian Church, a sect of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Nestorians followed the teaching of the controversial...the 14th-century Mongol invasions. A few Nestorian communities survived, mainly in Kurdistan...
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Church of the East
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
Church of the East. The Syrian Church , more popularly known as Nestorian , or Assyrian , which descends from the ancient church in the Persian Empire. Its foundation...HSI-AN FU ). At present, the Nestorians form a very small community in...
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Orthodox Eastern Church
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Church community of Christian churches whose chief strength is in...belonging to one of the Orthodox churches) is not technical, for both...and Orthodox (see catholic church ). The word Orthodox became...grounds of heresy, of the Nestorian, Jacobite, Coptic, and Armenian churches; it ...
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