Schnorchel
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Schnorchel (German slang for nose), a combined air-intake and diesel gas-outlet that enabled submarines to remain submerged for indefinite periods. The Americans abbreviated it to ‘snorkel’, the British to ‘snork’. It was a pre-war Dutch device which had been offered to, and rejected by, the Admiralty in 1940. Dutch submarines fitted with it were captured by the Germans, but the German Navy was slow to develop it, and it was not operational until early 1944, too late to affect the outcome in the
battle of the Atlantic. It was, nevertheless, a dangerous innovation as it was almost impossible to detect by
radar. See also
submarines.
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Can we outlast the contradictions?(Soft Despotism, Democracy's Drift: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville, and the Modern Prospect)(Book review)
Magazine article from: National Review; 6/22/2009; ; 700+ words
; Soft Despotism, Democracy's Drift: Montesquieu...between the leftist project and hard despotism. Now comes a valuable new book from...historian, warning of the dangers of soft despotism. Where hard despotism brutalizes, soft...
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When despotism may be best
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 12/30/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...Federation consist of a restoration of despotism, on the one hand, and a collapse into...Glasnost inhibits the revival of centralised despotism, but accelerates the tendencies towards...various secessionist leaders. Also, despotism and anarchy are not diametrically opposite...
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Despotism in New London
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 9/19/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...untrammeled power, which is the definition of despotism. But the human propensity for abusing...constitutional terminology to allow scope for despotism. Such carving is occurring in Connecticut...Bill of Rights. If you think the term "despotism" exaggerates what this repeal permits...
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 "The Record (Kitchener, Ontario)")
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Join in the fight against soft despotism.(EDITORIAL)
Newspaper article from: The Record (Kitchener, Ontario); 8/20/2009; 700+ words
; ...subtle phenomenon today - soft despotism. This phrase, coined by American...Paul Rahe in his new book Soft Despotism, Democracy's Decline explains...were the limits of old-style despotism. These days, however, a revolution...
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The Roots of Haitian Despotism
Magazine article from: Journal of Haitian Studies; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; The Roots of Haitian Despotism. By Robert Fatton Jr. Boulder...only uncovers the roots of Haitian despotism, but also expertly traces how those...understand the social origins of Haitian despotism and why, since its inception, the...
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Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and Modernity in Dominican History
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; Richard Lee Furits Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and...this "the paradoxical foundations of despotism" (23). By broadening the theoretical...There was, he reminds us constantly, despotism, but it was hardly a result of absolute...
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Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and Modernity in Dominican History.(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of History; 4/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime...it becomes clear that Foundations of Despotism is indeed a sophisticated, scholarly...the large landowners. Foundations of Despotism is very well-researched and nicely...
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The war against Arab despotism
Newspaper article from: Jerusalem Post; 3/23/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...2005 Headline: The war against Arab despotism Byline: AMIR TAHERI Edition; Daily...coup de grace given to the model of Arab despotism based on the one-party system dominated...going to develop into another form of despotism. To appreciate the importance of this...
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Szalontai, Balazs: Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era: Soviet-DPRK Relations and the Roots of North Korean Despotism, 1953-1964.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Asian Affairs: An American Review; 6/22/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Relations and the Roots of North Korean Despotism, 1953-1964 Washington, DC: Woodrow...thesis of the book is that Kim Il Sung's despotism was neither inherited from the Korean...one of the principal causes of Kim's despotism was his intense and xenophobic nationalism...
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Richard Lee Furits Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and Modernity in Dominican History.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; Richard Lee Furits Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and...this "the paradoxical foundations of despotism" (23). By broadening the theoretical...There was, he reminds us constantly, despotism, but it was hardly a result of absolute...
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oriental despotism
Book article from: A Dictionary of Sociology
oriental despotism A concept popularized by the German...the United States (see his Oriental Despotism , 1957 ). Wittfogel, an expert on...engendered by his concept of oriental despotism and his analysis of the so-called...
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despotism
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
despotism government by an absolute ruler unchecked...beneficent intent known as benevolent despotism. However, despot is now a term of opprobrium...An Essay on the Theory of Enlightened Despotism (1975); K. A. Wittfogel, Oriental...
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Enlightened Despotism
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM. One must first clarify the origins of the term: today...xE9; clair é . But this had little to do with real despotism, which in the minds of western Europeans was associated with...
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Asiatic Mode of Production
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
...continent as characterized by political despotism and socioeconomic stagnation. The initial...too closely associated with political despotism and therefore liable to be used against...production. Conversely, in Oriental Despotism (1957) the former Marxist sinologist...
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Absolutism
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...means "unlimited." ABSOLUTISM, DESPOTISM, TYRANNY The term absolutism, first...terms. He juxtaposes absolutism and despotism in a way that has lasted into the present...that field the older term enlightened despotism is used instead. Dictionaries follow...
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