Niemöller, Martin
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Niemöller, Martin (1892–1984),legendary
First World War submarine commander who became the symbol of German Protestant opposition to the Nazis. He was ordained in 1924 and became a pastor in Westphalia and then in Berlin. Initially he supported the Nazis, but soon began preaching against their excesses and was arrested in 1937. Though acquitted of ‘malicious attacks against the State’ he spent the next eight years in
concentration camps rather than relinquish his convictions. See also
Germany, 9 and
religion.
Bibliography
Davidson, C. , God's Man: The Story of Pastor Niemöller (New York, 1959).
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Teacher Saves Tribal Tongue From Extinction; Chinook Jargon, Used in Rituals and Courtship, Now a Language of the Future
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 8/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...To Tony Johnson, the Chinook jargon widely spoken by his...gleaning from them Chinook words. And each of the...language to the surviving Chinooks, but the tribe of 2...which once thrived near Chinook, Pacific County, has...
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Making Wawa; the genesis of Chinook jargon.(Brief article)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 2/1/2009; 451 words
; ...9780774815260 Making Wawa; the genesis of Chinook jargon. Lang, George U. of British...creation and development of the Chinook Wawa language, a combination of...discusses both Nootka Jargon, pidgin Chinook, and linguistic elements. The...
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Trading talk.(Chinook language)
Magazine article from: The Beaver: Exploring Canada's History; 10/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...earliest written evidence of the Chinook Jargon, a highly expressive form of...communication between the powerful Chinook tribe at the mouth of the Columbia...European origin. For example, the Chinook Jargon equivalent for the English word...
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Once-dying Chinook language finds future in voices of children.
Newspaper article from: Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service; 6/20/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...To Tony Johnson, the Chinook jargon widely spoken by his...gleaning from them Chinook words like taqwfla...language to the surviving Chinooks, but the tribe of 2...which once thrived near Chinook, Pacific County, has...
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 "Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)")
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ROOTS OF TRIBAL JARGON RUN DEEP IN NW CULTURE.(Life and Arts)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 1/19/2001; ; 580 words
; ...pidgin trading language that originated with the Chinook Indians, the great Southwest Washington barterers who worked the mouth of the Columbia River. Words from Chinook and Chinook jargon surrounds us. They are in our place names - Tumwater...
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Mobilian Jargon: Linguistic and Sociological Aspects of Native American Pidgin.(Review)
Magazine article from: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute; 3/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...Drechsel's study of Mobilian jargon demonstrates its implications...diverse. Indeed, Mobilian jargon may be understood to encapsulate...distinguish accurately between trade jargons which were no-one's first...persuasively that Mobilian jargon and other trade languages of...with particular emphasis ...
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AFTER 20-YEAR STRUGGLE, CHINOOKS GET FEDERAL RECOGNITION.(News)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 1/4/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...Pacific,'' he said. The Chinook Tribe has fought for survival...negotiated in a trading jargon based on the Chinook language, Beckham said. The Chinooks refused Stevens' offer...Beckham said. The Chinook lived in Ilwaco, Bay Center...
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 "Indian Country Today (Lakota Times)")
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Station Camp project reveals Chinook village site
Newspaper article from: Indian Country Today (Lakota Times); 2/16/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...as Washington. The Chinooks weren't around; they...Ocean." Overall, the Chinook people - who were known...Columbia and whose trade jargon once spread far and...early heavy toll on the Chinooks, what interaction the...Clatsop-Nehalems, the Chinooks have opted out of formal...is promising ...
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Chinooks Took Familiar Journey
News Wire article from: AP Online; 3/6/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...WASHINGTON (AP) _ The two Chinooks roared between Afghan peaks...heavy rucksacks. If this Chinook flight was typical, they...evasion is a strong point of the Chinook, which retired Army Ranger...Here come the Americans. One Chinook sank into a high valley near...wilderness known in military ...
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TRIBAL RECOGNITION PROCESS IS FLAWED.(Editorial)(Editorial)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 8/17/1997; 700+ words
; ...California to Alaska, and Chinook jargon was the lingua franca of traders...government wants proof that the Chinook continued to exist and to...museums. The bureau says the Chinook failed that test as well as...in the area. The 1,800 Chinook petitioners, many living...as well they might. ...
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Chinook jargon
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Chinook jargon lingua franca of early traders on the Northwest Coast of the United States and Canada. It included Chinook, Nootka, English, and French words, with various borrowings.
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Chinook
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Slavery was common among the Chinook. Their food consisted mostly of...form of their language known as Chinook jargon served as a trade language from...to Alaska. There were some 800 Chinook in the United States in 1990...
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Chinook Language
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to American Literature
Chinook Language, jargon developed by traders with the Chinook Indians, a Pacific Coast tribe, includes English, Canadian French, and Indian words.
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TRADE JARGON
Book article from: Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
TRADE JARGON, also trade language . A semi-technical...communication for trading purposes, such as Chinook Jargon and Trader Navajo in North America. Such languages...do not generally stabilize and expand. See JARGON , PIDGIN .
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MARITIME PIDGIN
Book article from: Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
...MARITIME PIDGIN, also Nautical Jargon . A trade JARGON widely used by sailors, many...pidgins as Hawaii Pidgin English , Chinook Jargon , and Eskimo Jargon : for...Hawaiian: person, man] in Chinook Jargon and the English and French...
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