National Redoubt
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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National Redoubt, final Nazi stronghold, so-called by the Allies who probably borrowed the phrase from a redoubt which had been organized in Switzerland. It was said to centre on Hitler's Bavarian mountain retreat at
Berchtesgaden.
Allen Dulles, the head of the
Office of Strategic Services in Berne, warned of its possible existence in September 1944, but this was sceptically received by most intelligence officers. When US troops were diverted away from the drive to Berlin to deal with it, it was found that it did not exist, though Hitler, on 18 April 1945, had, on the spur of the moment, ordered the preparation of a
Kernfestung (inner fortress) in the Bavarian Alps which, with the Allies on the verge of victory, was totally impossible to achieve.
The myth of a national redoubt also exercised the minds of many
resistance leaders—especially in France and Yugoslavia—and often with disastrous results, as in the
Vercors.
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Prague springs a foodie revolution ; With its first Michelin-starred restaurant and Gordon Ramsay's new venture, dining in the Czech capital is light years from Soviet-era stodge, says Jonathan Gregson
Newspaper article from: Evening Standard - London; 3/26/2008; ; 700+ words
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 "The Daily Star (Beirut, Lebanon)")
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From the Prague Spring to the Velvet Revolution.
Newspaper article from: The Daily Star (Beirut, Lebanon); 8/19/2008; 700+ words
; ...Michnik Summary: What was the Prague Spring, or the events of 1968 more generally...communists and the symbol of the Prague Spring, personified hope for democratic...confrontation with police violence; the Prague Spring was crushed by the armies of five...
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The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics, 1968-1970.(Review)
Magazine article from: American Political Science Review; 6/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...actions during the ill-fated Prague Spring in 1968, Kieran Williams has written...including myself (The Kremlin and the Prague Spring, 1984) and Jiri Valenta (Soviet...view of the events taking place in Prague. Yet, again in hindsight, perhaps...
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Prague Spring Ignored In Post-Communist Society
Transcript from: NPR All Things Considered; 8/22/2008; ; 700+ words
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Organizer says Prague Spring to be "slimmer" next year
News Wire article from: Xinhua News Agency; 12/12/2005; 504 words
; Organizer says Prague Spring to be "slimmer" next year PRAGUE, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- The 61st Prague Spring international...series of theater performances that is annually a part of Prague Spring, will include Mozart's Don Giovanni, Bohuslav Martinu...
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Archives Illuminate Prague Spring, but Public Looks Away
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 8/21/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...Soviet Union, was steamed. The Prague Spring of 1968 was in full bloom, and in...selection of documents relating to the Prague Spring democratic reform movement...happened. The 30th anniversary of the Prague Spring, when a reformist Communist...
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The Prague Spring: in the midst of the Cold War, the events of one year helped lead to the freedom of Czechoslovakia.(World History Play)(Play)
Magazine article from: Junior Scholastic; 5/14/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...governments. Events were especially dramatic in Prague, the capital of the Soviet-bloc country...season of hope that historians call the Prague Spring. SCENE ONE Narrator A: By 1968, the people of Prague are restless. Writers and journalists...
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 "Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)")
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CZECHS HAVE MIXED VIEW OF PRAGUE SPRING 30 YEARS LATER SOME WONDER IF MOVEMENT WAS WORTH SOVIET INVASION.(News)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 8/21/1998; 700+ words
; ...over the democratic reforms of the Prague Spring, Czechs are looking back at the...President Boris Yeltsin recalled the Prague Spring as an attempt ``to escape...clashed over the importance of the Prague Spring shortly after the invasion...
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 "The Toronto Star (Toronto, Ontario)")
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The Prague Spring In 1968, not of it.(Ideas)
Newspaper article from: The Toronto Star (Toronto, Ontario); 8/23/2008; 700+ words
; ...tanks to trample the vibrant bloom of Prague Spring, a short-lived, idealistic effort...history that earlier this year in Prague, the country's capital, a film...the politburo had other ideas. The Prague Spring is often lumped in with other...
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Moscow makes amends for crushing `Prague Spring'.(World)
Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 8/20/1998; ; 700+ words
; PRAGUE - Senate Chairman Petr Pithart lowered...reforms of what had come to be known as the "Prague Spring." But five years after the signing of...for the anniversary. The main event in Prague will be the laying of a wreath tomorrow...
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Prague Spring
Book article from: A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
Prague Spring (Jan.–Aug.1968) After his election as First Secretary...without resistance from the Czechoslovak army or the population. The Prague Spring was over, and Husák headed a new hardline regime which was...
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Prague
Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
...the scene of much religious conflict. Prague School the name of a group of linguists established in Prague in 1926 who developed distinctive feature...x2013;1938) and Roman Jakobson. Prague Spring a brief period of liberalization in Czechoslovakia...
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Czech Republic
Encyclopedia entry from: Cities of the World
...statesman, are still alive in Prague. Few world capitals have...of freedom during the "Prague Spring"; threw off communist...particularly attractive in late spring, summer, and early autumn...For the next 300 years, Prague was the residence of the...
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Švankmajer, Jan
Dictionary entry from: International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers
...Transmutation of the Senses ], Prague, n.d. Dark Alchymie, London...articles— Film a Doba (Prague), no. 5, 1982. Positif...Dryje, Film a Doba (CZ), Spring 1991. "A Faust Buck," an...articles— Film a Doba (Prague), no. 10, 1966. Poseov...
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Reuss, Franz Ambrosius
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...REUSS, FRANZ AMBROSIUS ( b . Prague, Czechoslovakia, 3 October...moved from southern Baden to Prague. He received his early education...and established a practice in Prague; during the same period he...exploitation of the mineral springs and mines belonging to his...
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