Messe, Marshal Giovanni

The Oxford Companion to World War II | 2001 | 700+ words | Copyright

Messe, Marshal Giovanni (1883–1968).Italian Army officer who, until October 1942, was commander of the Italian Expeditionary Force, Italy's initial contribution to Axis forces fighting in the German–Soviet war (see also Italy, 5(b)). From February 1943 he led Rommel's former German–Italian Panzer Army, renamed First Italian Army, in Tunisia during the North African campaign. He defended the Mareth Line and later held Montgomery's Eighth Army at Enfidaville, but in May 1943 he surrendered with all Axis forces in North Africa, which did not prevent Mussolini from then promoting him marshal. In November 1943, after Italy's armistice with the Allies in September 1943, he succeeded Ambrosio as head of the Italian High Command (see Comando Supremo), but was replaced in 1945.

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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. " Messe, Marshal Giovanni." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. " Messe, Marshal Giovanni." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-MesseMarshalGiovanni.html

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. " Messe, Marshal Giovanni." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-MesseMarshalGiovanni.html

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