Mao Tse-tung
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Mao Tse-tung (1893–1976),a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party when it was formed in 1921. In 1934 he was hounded from the Chinese Soviet Republic in Kiangsi Province by
Chiang Kai-shek, and he and his followers, who included
Chou En-lai, then started the 10,000 km. (6,000 mi.) Long March to Fushih in north-west China. It was during this exodus that Mao first gained control of the party apparatus and in Fushih he established a government and social system very different from Chiang's corrupt regime. From this power base he fought both the Japanese (see
China incident) and sometimes Chiang, and by 1945 his troops dominated most of occupied China's countryside. Of all the engagements fought by the Japanese in China, 75% were against Mao's forces.
One of the major figures of the 20th century, who wrought a total revolution in the world's most populated country, Mao has been described as having ‘a solid elemental vitality’ with the simplicity and naturalness of the Chinese peasant. He was a brilliant speaker who worked tirelessly to teach, enlighten, and indoctrinate. After defeating Chiang Kai-shek in a long-drawn-out civil war he became chairman of the People's Republic of China in September 1949.
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Upper Cenomanian-Turonian two species of cyclostomaceous Bryozoa from the northern part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic
Magazine article from: Journal of the Czech Geological Society; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...description of two species of cyclostomatous Bryozoa: Tholopora(?) novaki (Gregory, 1909...of the Upper Turonian age. Key words: Bryozoa; Cyclostomata; Upper Cretaceous; Bohemian...to record finds of interesting taxa of Bryozoa in sediments of the Bohemian Cretaceous...
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ZOOIDS AND EXTRAZOOIDAL SKELETON IN THE ORDER TREPOSTOMATA (BRYOZOA)
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 11/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...of the nature of zooids in trepostomate Bryozoa defines them as physically connected and...Paleontology, part G, on the phylum Bryozoa (Bassler, 1953). Over the next 30...heading, polymorphs. Throughout the phylum Bryozoa, polymorphs are zooids that differ distinctly...
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METRARABDOTOS AND RELATED GENERA (BRYOZOA: CHEILOSTOMATA) IN THE LATE PALEOGENE AND NEOGENE OF TROPICAL AMERICA
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 1/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Escharoides Milne Edwards, 1836b, Adeonellopsis MacGillivray, 1886, and Reptadeonella Busk, 1884 were key taxa in the decline of Bryozoa with erect, arborescent colonies and concomitant increase in numbers of species with encrusting colonies in the late Paleogene...
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MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF AVICULARIA AND THE PROLIFERATION OF SPECIES IN MID-CRETACEOUS WILBERTOPORA CHEETHAM, 1954 (BRYOZOA: CHEILOSTOMATA)
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...appeared first in Late Jurassic time (Taylor, 1994) and subsequently proliferated rapidly to become the dominant order of Bryozoa in modern seas. Morphological features that characterize a broad spectrum of cheilostome taxa-such as multiserial colony...
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The growth and function of skeletal diaphragms in the colony life of lower paleozoic trepostomata (Bryozoa)
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 3/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT-In many species of lower Paleozoic trepostomes (Bryozoa; class Stenolaemata) transverse partitions called skeletal diaphragms differentiated feeding from non-feeding regions of colonies...
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Bryoliths (Bryozoa) in the Gulf of California (1).
Magazine article from: Pacific Science; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; Abstract: Populations of Diaperoforma californica (d'Orbigny) bryoliths were discovered in rhodolith beds, a sand habitat, and on a cobble bottom in the Gulf of California, Mexico, the first known observation of a modern free-living cyclostome bryozoan in the Northern Hemisphere. Densities ranged
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STENOLAEMATE BRYOZOA FROM THE PERMIAN OF OMAN (ASEELAH UNIT, BATAIN COAST)
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 7/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT- From the Aseelah Unit (Saal Formation), Batain Coast (eastern Oman), 48 bryozoan species were described. Eight species of them are new: cystoporids Cystodictya angusta n. sp. and Sulcoretepora orientalis n. sp., trepostomid Ulrichotrypella omanica n. sp., rhabdomesids Streblotrypa
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NEW CARBONIFEROUS BRYOZOA OF THE BIRD SPRING FORMATION, SOUTHERN NEVADA
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 5/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; INTRODUCTION BRYOZOANS WERE collected from a thin shaley limestone in the lower part of the Bird Spring Formation in the northern part of the Muddy Mountains, Clark County, southern Nevada (Fig. 1). The purpose of this paper is to describe a new genus and two new species of these bryozoans. The
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NEW FENESTRATE BRYOZOA OF THE GERSTER LIMESTONE (PERMIAN), MEDICINE RANGE, NORTHEASTERN NEVADA
Magazine article from: Journal of Paleontology; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT- Six new species of fenestrate bryozoans, middle to late Wordian, occur in the Gerster Limestone of northeastern Nevada. These bryozoans are similar to lower Kazanian species described from the Russian Platform. The two species of Wjatkella and Polypora from the Gerster Limestone are much
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Energetics of Larval Swimming and Metamorphosis in Four Species of Bugula (Bryozoa).
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 6/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; DEAN E. WENDT Abstract. The amount of energy available to larvae during swimming, location of a suitable recruitment site, and metamorphosis influences the length of time they can spend in the plankton. Energetic parameters such as swimming speed, oxygen consumption during swimming and
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Bryozoa
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Bryozoa , name of a phylum, in older systems of classification, that included the invertebrate animals now classified in the phyla Entoprocta and Ectoprocta . The term bryozoan (or moss animal) is still commonly used for members of the Ectoprocta.
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Bassler, Raymond Smith
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...world authority on Silurian and Ordovician Bryozoa, Bassler assembled an outstanding collection...x201D; (1915), “ Early Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces ”...x201C; Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa ” (1900). His study of other...
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Busk, George
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...two main interests in science were the Bryozoa (Polyzoa) and paleontology. In 1856...the first scientific arrangement of the Bryozoa, the notes and drawings for which are...the name Buskia was given to a genus of Bryozoa. His collection is at the Natural History...
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Ectoprocta
Book article from: A Dictionary of Zoology
Ectoprocta 1. (phylum Bryozoa ) The major subphylum of bryozoans, in which the lophophore surrounds the mouth but not the...exclusively, marine, and have an extensive fossil record from the Ordovician to the present. 2. See BRYOZOA .
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Entoprocta
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
Entoprocta (phylum Bryozoa ) Subphylum of freshwater bryozoans which entirely lack a mineralized skeleton. The lophophore...Entoprocta was classified as a separate animal phylum, although its many resemblances to the Bryozoa were recognized.
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