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Dachau

The Oxford Companion to World War II | 2001 | | © The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Dachau, 19 km. (12 mi.) north of Munich, was one of the first Nazi concentration camps, opened in March 1933 as a correction camp. Of the 225,000 said to have been incarcerated there between 1933 and 1945, 31,950 are officially said to have died but the total was almost certainly more. When liberated it was found to contain such well-known personalities as the Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, as well as prominent Germans such as Halder, Schacht, and Niemöller. In November 1945 a war crimes trial of the commandant, 40 guards, and one doctor, was held in the camp, and those responsible for the Malmédy massacre were also tried there. About 500 medical experiments were carried out on inmates in 1941 and 1942. They included malaria trials and experiments on the reaction of a person being immersed in cold water for long periods.

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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Dachau." The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Dachau." The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (November 12, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Dachau.html

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Dachau." The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford University Press. 2001. Retrieved November 12, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Dachau.html

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