Bir Hakeim
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Bir Hakeim, fortress held in May– June 1942 by
Maj-General Koenig's 1st Free French Brigade Group during the
Western Desert campaign. Its pivotal position at the southern end of the British
Gazala Line, which had been established west of
Tobruk in Libya made it of critical importance to
Rommel when he advanced eastwards to take Tobruk. Though heavily attacked, and eventually surrounded, the French, supported by the
Western Desert Air Force, refused to surrender until, on the night of 10/11 June 1942, they were ordered to withdraw. Out of a total of 3,600 who had fought off the first attack 2,700 made their way to safety. Bir Hakeim did much to establish the Free French as a fighting force.
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