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glucose

The Oxford Companion to the Body | 2001 | | Â© The Oxford Companion to the Body 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

glucose is an important source of fuel for the body, especially for the brain and for red blood cells, which use no other fuel. Chemically glucose is a hexose sugar or monosaccharide — that is, a sugar with 6 carbon atoms and the formula C₆H₁₂O₆. Most glucose in the body is derived from the digestion of polysaccharides and other sugars: starch, for example, is polyglucose; common sugar, or sucrose, a disaccharide, is one molecule of glucose combined with one of fructose. In blood the level of glucose is around 90 mg per 100 ml. Glucose is stored in the body in the form of glycogen in body cells, especially in the liver and muscle, and is metabolized in tissues to generate the adenosine triphoshate (ATP) which provides energy.

Alan W. Cuthbert

See blood sugar; metabolism.

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COLIN BLAKEMORE and SHELIA JENNETT. "glucose." The Oxford Companion to the Body. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 7 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

COLIN BLAKEMORE and SHELIA JENNETT. "glucose." The Oxford Companion to the Body. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (December 7, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O128-glucose.html

COLIN BLAKEMORE and SHELIA JENNETT. "glucose." The Oxford Companion to the Body. Oxford University Press. 2001. Retrieved December 07, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O128-glucose.html

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